Podcast
Questions and Answers
What mode in the ISA 100.11A protocol allows for the passing of legacy data?
What mode in the ISA 100.11A protocol allows for the passing of legacy data?
- Handheld mode
- Routing mode
- Encryption mode
- Tunneling mode (correct)
Which feature of the ISA 100.11A network ensures reliability through methods like error detection and channel hopping?
Which feature of the ISA 100.11A network ensures reliability through methods like error detection and channel hopping?
- Flexibility
- Reliability (correct)
- Determinism
- Security
Which component manages and distributes security keys within the ISA 100.11A standard?
Which component manages and distributes security keys within the ISA 100.11A standard?
- Network security manager (correct)
- Transport layer manager
- Data link controller
- Encryption manager
What is one of the roles of the transport layer in the ISA 100.11A network concerning security?
What is one of the roles of the transport layer in the ISA 100.11A network concerning security?
Which of the following is NOT a feature supported by the ISA 100.11A network?
Which of the following is NOT a feature supported by the ISA 100.11A network?
What does Z-Wave utilize to bypass obstructions caused by household appliances?
What does Z-Wave utilize to bypass obstructions caused by household appliances?
Which devices are included in the Z-Wave network?
Which devices are included in the Z-Wave network?
Which statement accurately describes the power requirements of Zigbee devices?
Which statement accurately describes the power requirements of Zigbee devices?
What is a notable feature of Z-Wave systems compared to Zigbee systems?
What is a notable feature of Z-Wave systems compared to Zigbee systems?
How does Z-Wave rank in terms of expense compared to Zigbee?
How does Z-Wave rank in terms of expense compared to Zigbee?
What is a target audience for Zigbee systems?
What is a target audience for Zigbee systems?
What advantage does Zigbee offer regarding its Alliance?
What advantage does Zigbee offer regarding its Alliance?
Which type of user is more likely to favor Z-Wave systems?
Which type of user is more likely to favor Z-Wave systems?
What is the primary technique used in the HART Data Link Layer to ensure reliable communication?
What is the primary technique used in the HART Data Link Layer to ensure reliable communication?
What functionality does channel blacklisting provide in HART communication?
What functionality does channel blacklisting provide in HART communication?
Which networking approach does WirelessHART utilize for communication between devices?
Which networking approach does WirelessHART utilize for communication between devices?
What is the primary role of the HART Application Layer?
What is the primary role of the HART Application Layer?
How does HART manage network congestion?
How does HART manage network congestion?
Which of the following layers does the HART Network layer encompass?
Which of the following layers does the HART Network layer encompass?
What type of environments is ISA 100.11A primarily designed for?
What type of environments is ISA 100.11A primarily designed for?
What feature does the HART Data Link Layer use for managing timing in communication?
What feature does the HART Data Link Layer use for managing timing in communication?
Which transport services does ISA 100.11A offer?
Which transport services does ISA 100.11A offer?
What is the main purpose of the super-frames in the HART Data Link Layer?
What is the main purpose of the super-frames in the HART Data Link Layer?
Which layer supports mesh routing and frequency hopping in ISA 100.11A?
Which layer supports mesh routing and frequency hopping in ISA 100.11A?
What is the foundation for the physical and MAC layers in ISA 100.11A?
What is the foundation for the physical and MAC layers in ISA 100.11A?
Which of the following topologies is NOT allowed in ISA 100.11A?
Which of the following topologies is NOT allowed in ISA 100.11A?
How many devices approximately use ISA 100.11A?
How many devices approximately use ISA 100.11A?
What type of networks are permitted under ISA 100.11A?
What type of networks are permitted under ISA 100.11A?
Which organization is associated with the development of ISA 100.11A?
Which organization is associated with the development of ISA 100.11A?
What is the main challenge in Social Sensing for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)?
What is the main challenge in Social Sensing for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)?
How does the proposed system adjust the duty cycles of sensor nodes?
How does the proposed system adjust the duty cycles of sensor nodes?
What is the function of the fire monitoring and alarm system designed for Bord and Pillar coal mines?
What is the function of the fire monitoring and alarm system designed for Bord and Pillar coal mines?
What does the Probabilistic Duty Cycle (PDC) in WSNs rely on for its operation?
What does the Probabilistic Duty Cycle (PDC) in WSNs rely on for its operation?
In addition to alarm capabilities, what information does the fire monitoring system provide?
In addition to alarm capabilities, what information does the fire monitoring system provide?
What is one outcome of effective duty-cycle management in sensor networks?
What is one outcome of effective duty-cycle management in sensor networks?
Which technology is specifically mentioned in the context of monitoring underground coal mines?
Which technology is specifically mentioned in the context of monitoring underground coal mines?
Which element is crucial for identifying the occurrence possibility of rare events in WSNs?
Which element is crucial for identifying the occurrence possibility of rare events in WSNs?
Study Notes
HART Data Link Layer
- Communication is collision free and deterministic via super-frames and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
- Super-frames are grouped 10ms wide timeslots
- Super-frames regulate transmission timing for collision-free and reliable communication
- This layer includes channel hopping and blacklisting to improve reliability and security
- Channel blacklisting removes frequently interfered channels from use
HART Network and Transport Layers
- Cooperatively manages different traffic types, routing, session creation, and security
- WirelessHART relies on a mesh network for communication and each device is set to forward packets from all other devices
- Each device keeps an updated network graph (topology) for routing
- The HART network layer is equivalent to the Network, Transport, and Session layers combined in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model
HART Application Layer
- Handles communication between gateways and devices with command and response messages
- Extracts commands from messages, executes them, and generates responses
- This layer is seamless and does not differentiate between wireless and wired HART versions
HART Congestion Control
- Restricted to the 2.4Ghz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band with channel 26 removed due to restrictions in certain areas
- Devices communicate directly when in range
- When devices are out of range, messages are routed through other nodes to avoid obstructions (called healing)
- This process of bypassing radio dead-spots is done using a message
Zwave vs. Zigbee
- Zwave is user-friendly and offers a simple setup
- Zwave is ideal for users with a basic understanding of technology seeking a secure, efficient, and easy-to-use system
- Zigbee requires minimal power for very long battery life of up to 7 years
- Zigbee is ideal for users with tech expertise wanting customization and self-installation
- Zwave is expensive
- Zigbee is cheaper than Zwave
- Zwave is used by 90% of the top security and communication companies in the US for smart home solutions
- The Zigbee Alliance includes nearly 400 organizations collectively improving the open-standard Zigbee wireless connection
ISA 100.11A
- Developed by the International Society of Automation (ISA)
- Primarily designed for large-scale industrial complexes and plants
- Over 1 billion devices use ISA 100.11A application layers
- ISA 100.11A supports native and tunneled application layers
- It offers various transport services including "reliable," "best effort," and "real-time"
- Network and transport layers are based on TCP or UDP / IPv6
- Data link layer supports mesh routing and frequency hopping
- Physical and MAC layers are based on IEEE 802.15.4
- Supported topologies include star/tree and mesh
- Permitted networks include radio link, ISA over Ethernet, and field buses
- Application Support Layer delivers communications services to user and management processes
- It can pass objects (methods, attributes) natively within the ISA 100.11A protocol
- A tunneling mode allows legacy data through the ISA100.11A network
ISA 100.11A Network Diagram
- RD = Routing device
- NRD = Non-routing device
- H = Handheld device
- B = Backbone device
ISA 100.11A Features
- Flexibility
- Support for multiple protocols
- Use of open standards
- Support for multiple applications
- Reliability (error detection, channel hopping)
- Determinism (TDMA, QoS support)
- Security
ISA 100.11A Security
- Security is fully built-in to the standard
- Authentication and confidentiality services are available independently
- A network security manager manages and distributes keys
- Twin data security steps in each node:
- Data link layer encrypts each hop
- Transport layer secures peer-to-peer communications
Social Sensing in WSNs
- Challenges:
- Distinguishing between rare and regular events
- Adapting the duty-cycle with the occurrence probability of events
- Contribution:
- Probabilistic duty cycle (PDC) in WSNs
- Accumulates information from social media to identify rare event occurrence possibility
- Adjusts sensor node duty cycles using weak estimation learning automata
Applications of WSNs: Mines
- Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can be implemented to develop a fire monitoring and alarm (FMA) system for Bord & Pillar coal mines
- The fire monitoring system is specifically designed for Bord & Pillar based mines
- The system is capable of real-time monitoring and alarming, as well as locating and tracking fire spread direction by gathering, analyzing, and storing information continuously
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz focuses on the HART Communication Protocol, covering the Data Link, Network, Transport, and Application Layers. It explores key concepts such as super-frames, TDMA, channel hopping, and wireless communication aspects including mesh networking. Test your knowledge of HART's reliability and security features.
