Handwashing and Heavy Ploughing

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Questions and Answers

What was the main contribution of Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis in medical practice?

He developed the first antiseptic solution.

He showed the importance of hand disinfection to reduce infections. (correct)

He created a vaccine for smallpox.

He invented the modern operating theater.

What was Edward Jenner known for?

Developing the first telephone.

Creating the first calculator.

Pioneering antiseptic procedures.

Inoculating individuals with cowpox to prevent smallpox. (correct)

What crucial function does the heavy plough serve in agriculture?

It aerates the soil and buries residue. (correct)

It helps plant seeds efficiently.

It enhances the nutritional value of soil.

It irrigates crops during dry season.

Which of the following developments significantly impacted communication?

The telephone invented by Alexander Graham Bell. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of Orville and Wilbur Wright's achievement?

It paved the way for modern aircraft technology. Signup and view all the answers

How did petroleum refinement impact industry?

It decreased the demand for animal oils. Signup and view all the answers

What historical significance does the 'Doctrina Christiana' hold in the Philippines?

It was the first printed book in the country. Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of the phases of the Moon in culture?

They act as time markers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Philippine Normal School established in 1901?

It was the first institution for teaching Filipino teachers. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of Dr. Fe Del Mundo's notable achievements?

First woman to be admitted to Harvard Medical School as a pediatrician. Signup and view all the answers

What evidence suggests that early Filipinos were skilled engineers and agriculturists?

The Banaue Rice Terraces Signup and view all the answers

Which institution is recognized as the first school for girls in the Philippines during the Spanish occupation era?

Colegio de Santa Potenciana Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following inventions is specifically attributed to Maria Orosa?

Banana ketchup Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Babaylans or Albularyos in ancient Filipino society?

Ritualistic healers using medicinal plants Signup and view all the answers

What was the original name of the Bureau of Government Laboratories?

Laboratorio Municipal de Ciudad de Manila Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a significant educational institution offering higher learning during the Spanish occupation?

Ateneo Municipal de Manila Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'paradigm shift' refer to in the context of scientific knowledge?

A profound change in underlying assumptions or methods. Signup and view all the answers

Which organization evolved into the Department of Science and Technology in 1987?

National Science Development Board Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary function of the Galleon Trade in the Philippines?

To connect the Philippines with Spain and Mexico through trade Signup and view all the answers

Maria Orosa is also recognized as a:

Humanitarian and war heroine. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the role of Polo Y Servicios?

A labor system focusing on building infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

What type of ship were Balangay and Karakoa in pre-colonial Philippines?

Trading ships Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Bureau of Science?

The first institute focused on biochemical studies. Signup and view all the answers

What role did the National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP) play in the scientific community?

To facilitate collaboration among Filipino scientists Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a paradigm shift in scientific inquiry?

It happens when existing paradigms fail to explain phenomena. Signup and view all the answers

Which inventor is credited with the development of the two-way videophone?

Unknown Aeronautical Engineer Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the Father of Modern Ophthalmology in the Philippines?

Germiniano De Ocampo Signup and view all the answers

Which theory describes the geocentric model of the universe before the Copernican shift?

Ptolemaic Theory Signup and view all the answers

What innovation is Germiniano De Ocampo known for in the Philippines?

Introducing corneal transplant procedures Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of a system?

Elements, Interconnections, Purpose Signup and view all the answers

How does feedback influence a system's behavior?

It emerges from the structure of feedback loops. Signup and view all the answers

What is reinforced feedback in a system?

An effect that is pushed forward or amplified. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements best describes 'Normal Science'?

It works on established dominant theories without questioning. Signup and view all the answers

What does systems thinking emphasize in problem-solving?

Holistic approach and understanding relationships between systems. Signup and view all the answers

In behavior over time graphs, what is represented on the Y-axis?

The changes in behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What does balancing feedback achieve in a system?

It maintains stability by pushing effects back. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of causal loops in systems thinking?

They highlight feedback loops as emerging forces affecting behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Handwashing and Antiseptics

Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis discovered that hand disinfection significantly reduced puerperal fever in obstetrical clinics, emphasizing the importance of hygiene.

Agricultural Advancements

The heavy plough was developed to cut a long slice of soil, turning it upside down, which buries surface residue, aerates soil, conserves moisture, and kills weeds.

Vaccination History

Edward Jenner inoculated James Phipps with cowpox to stimulate immunity against smallpox, marking an early advancement in vaccination techniques.

Petroleum and Energy

There is a high demand for petroleum, which is used extensively to power automobiles, factories, and power plants due to insufficient animal oil production.

Communication Technology

Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone was a groundbreaking development that transformed communication methods.

Aviation Milestones

Orville and Wilbur Wright designed and successfully operated the first engine-powered aircraft, leading to advancements in modern aviation technology.

Computational Evolution

The invention of modern calculators simplified arithmetic and enabled the creation of complex processing machines, enhancing computational capabilities.

Pre-Colonial Cultural Practices

Ancient Filipinos practiced agriculture before Spanish colonization, with tribes like the Ifugao managing timekeeping and engineering feats like the Banaue Rice Terraces.

Spanish Colonial Education

Notable institutions established during Spanish colonization include Universidad de Santo Tomas for higher learning, and Colegio de San Ignacio as the first school for boys.

Economic Systems in the Philippines

Galleon Trade connected the Philippines with Mexico and Spain, facilitating commerce while Polo Y Servicios forced indigenous labor for infrastructure projects.

Contributions to Science and Technology

Dr. Fe Del Mundo pioneered pediatric medicine and created the first pediatric hospital in the Philippines, along with innovations like the bamboo incubator.

Innovations by Filipino Scientists

Maria Orosa invented banana ketchup and other food products, impacting culinary practices in the Philippines.
Gregorio Zara is recognized as the father of videoconferencing, inventing the two-way videophone and various aviation technologies.

Paradigm Shifts in Science

A paradigm shift represents a fundamental change in scientific approaches and understanding, often replacing outdated frameworks that cannot explain new phenomena.

Historical Scientific Theories

The Ptolemaic Theory posited a geocentric view of the universe, which was later challenged by the Copernican Theory advocating a heliocentric model.

Systems Thinking in Science

Systems thinking emphasizes understanding interconnections within systems, their components, and the overall purpose, promoting holistic problem-solving.

Feedback Mechanisms

Feedback loops influence system behavior, distinguishing between reinforcing feedback (amplifying effects) and balancing feedback (stabilizing system responses).

Behavior Over Time Trends

Behavior over time graphs illustrate changes in system behavior and events plotted against time, providing insight into trends and patterns through data visualization.

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Description

Explore the significance of handwashing in preventing infections, particularly through the pioneering work of Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis. Additionally, learn about the heavy plough's agricultural advancements, which improved soil management and crop yields. Delve into the interplay between sanitation and farming techniques.