Anatomy - MSK 6 MCQ (MD2)

What is the primary dynamic change facilitated by the elbow joint?

The forearm is primarily responsible for which movements?

What movements are enabled by abduction/adduction at the wrist?

What action does wrist extension primarily assist?

Which statement accurately describes the interphalangeal (IP) joints?

Which of these options is a characteristic of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints?

In what condition are the collateral ligaments of the MCP joints tightest?

Which digit has a saddle joint at its carpometacarpal (CMC) joint?

What are the characteristics of the carpometacarpal joints of digits 2 and 3?

Which of these options describes the primary characteristic of the carpometacarpal joints of digits 4 and 5?

What movement is associated with the term 'ABDuct' in relation to digits?

In which plane does flexion/extension occur for digits 2-4?

What is the action of bringing the thumb across the palm to touch the little finger called?

What is the primary function of the extensor digitorum muscle?

Where does the palmaris longus insert?

What action is associated with the flexor digitorum superficialis?

What structure is described as a 'mesentery' or also called a 'mesotendon'?

What is the impact of fluid accumulation within tendon sheaths?

From where do the lumbrical muscles originate?

What is the primary function of the lumbrical muscles?

Which muscle type is defined as originating and inserting within the hand itself?

What is the main action of the dorsal interossei muscles?

What is the position of the dorsal interossei tendons in relation to the deep transverse metacarpal ligament?

What is the action of the palmar interossei muscles?

Which digit lacks palmar interossei muscles and why?

What is the functional consequence of losing ulnar nerve innervation regarding the extensor mechanism?

What structure is important for coordinating finger movements within the hand?

Concerning digital sweep, what event causes DIP flexion?

What is the relationship between the Opponens pollicis and the first metacarpal?

What nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles?

What structures pass through the carpal tunnel?

Which structure forms the 'roof' the carpal tunnel?

What is the cause of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Which intrinsic muscle is NOT part of the thenar group?

In a cylindrical grip, what role do intrinsic hand muscles play?

Regarding the Key Grip, what is the most correct statement?

Which of the following combinations of muscles is most critical for performing a spherical (ball) grip?

If a patient has selective damage to the ulnar nerve, preventing the use of hypothenar muscles, but retains full function of the thenar eminence and thumb, which common grip would be MOST affected, hindering their ability to finely manipulate small objects?

What dynamic change is facilitated by the elbow joint, impacting the hand?

What is the primary role of the forearm in relation to hand movement?

Which movement is NOT associated with the wrist joint?

What critical function benefits directly from wrist extension?

The distal-most interphalangeal joints are classified as:

Which of the following characteristics is unique to the thumb's interphalangeal joint?

What happens to the distal bone relative to the joint during flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joint?

What mechanical property describes the collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joints in flexion?

Which digit possesses a carpometacarpal joint that allows crude circumduction?

What is the primary functional characteristic of the carpometacarpal joints of digits 2 and 3?

Which functional characteristic describes the carpometacarpal joints of digits 4 and 5?

In the context of finger movements, what does the term 'ABDuct' signify?

In which anatomical plane does flexion and extension occur for digits 2-4?

What primary movement is unique to the thumb compared to digits 2-4?

What action is defined as bringing the thumb across the palm to meet the little finger?

The extensor digitorum muscle inserts into which structure?

What is the primary role of lateral band fibers in relation to the extensor digitorum?

Where does the palmaris longus muscle insert anatomically?

What structure does the flexor digitorum superficialis insert onto?

The flexor digitorum profundus passes through a gap in what structure?

What anatomical structures do synovial sheaths surround?

What can result from inflammation or trauma to a synovial sheath?

From which anatomical structure do the lumbrical muscles originate?

What is the primary function of the lumbrical muscles in the hand?

If someone has a PRE-axial lumbrical injury, which nerve is most likely affected?

Where do the tendons of the dorsal interossei muscles pass in relation to the deep transverse metacarpal ligament?

What is the action performed by the dorsal interossei muscles?

What action do the palmar interossei muscles perform?

Axis of hand is the midline that runs through the 3rd digit. Which numbered finger does not need/have ADDuctors?

The loss of ulnar nerve innervation has the most impact on what?

What anatomical feature is essential for coordinating finger movements effectively?

What action initiates the digital sweep, leading to DIP flexion?

What type of common grip requires thumb's Flexion & ADduction/ADduction?

Which of the following muscles is crucial for shaping and gripping a ball?

If a novel gene mutation ablates the function of the annular ligaments of the fibrous digital sheath, but leaves the cruciate ligaments intact, what specific functional deficit would MOST likely manifest?

In a scenario where a patient sustains an injury exclusively disrupting the oblique retinacular ligament (ORL), while all other structures remain intact, what specific functional impairment would be MOST anticipated?

A patient presents with selective paralysis of the palmar interossei muscles subsequent to localized nerve damage. Which functional deficit would be MOST pronounced, assuming all other intrinsic and extrinsic muscles are unaffected?

If a patient presents with isolated injury to the radial nerve exclusively affecting the extensor digitorum muscle distal to the elbow while sparing all other forearm and intrinsic muscles, what functional deficit would be MOST demonstrably evident?

Assuming a scenario in which a new anti-fibrotic agent completely prevents scar tissue formation, what would be the MOST likely long-term consequence for a patient following a complete rupture and surgical repair of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon within the digital sheath?

In a hypothetical scenario involving the selective and complete denervation of only the thenar muscles innervated by the recurrent branch of the median nerve, while preserving sensation and all other hand functions, which grip would be MOST severely compromised?

If a novel surgical intervention completely severs the mesotendon (vincula) of both the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons within a digit, what is the MOST immediate and critical biomechanical consequence?

In a theoretical scenario where a congenital anomaly results in the complete absence of the deep transverse metacarpal ligament (DTML), what would be the MOST immediate and direct consequence on hand function?

A researcher discovers a population with a genetic mutation causing complete aplasia (failure of development) of the palmar aponeurosis. Which of the following functional deficits would MOST likely be observed in affected individuals?

Post-surgical observations on a patient reveal that the juncturae tendinum between the extensor digitorum tendons of the index and middle fingers have spontaneously reattached following inadvertent intraoperative transection. Assuming no other complications, what specific motor outcome is MOST probable?

In a radically altered evolutionary timeline, humans develop a third degree of freedom (rotation) at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. What functional consequence is MOST plausible?

A highly specific neurotoxin selectively ablates proprioceptive feedback from the wrist joint capsule without affecting motor function or sensation. What immediate consequence would MOST likely manifest during complex hand movements?

In an experiment where the blood supply to the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon is completely disrupted at the level of the A2 pulley, but the vincula remains intact, which immediate outcome is MOST likely?

In a scenario where a novel genetic mutation causes a complete agenesis (failure to develop) of the carpal tunnel, what compensatory adaptation would MOST likely develop to maintain hand function?

If a new surgical technique allows for perfect, scarless healing of completely transected digital nerves, but axonal regeneration still proceeds at its normal, limited rate, what is the MOST significant limiting factor in functional recovery following digital nerve repair?

Which of the following accurately describes the primary composition of the mid-foot joints?

What is the functional importance of maintaining the body's center of gravity (CoG) over the mid-foot?

Which tarsal bone is described as cube-like and contributes to forming the apex of the foot's arch?

Which tarsal bone gets its name from being shaped like a small boat and helps to reference movements?

What distinguishes the talocrural joint from the distal tibiofibular joint?

What term accurately describes the fibrous joint formed by the distal tibia and fibula?

Which statement characterizes the shape and resulting stability of the talus within the ankle joint during extension (dorsiflexion)?

What is the expected outcome of amputating the foot at the level of the transverse tarsal joint?

What specific movements are associated with supination?

Where does most of the relative flexion and extension of the foot occur?

Which of the following is NOT a component of the deltoid ligament complex?

What characteristic distinguishes the short plantar ligament from the long plantar ligament?

Which of the following best describes the functional role of ligaments in the arches of the foot?

Which of the following best describes the role of tendons and muscles concerning the arches of the foot?

During the heel strike phase of the gait cycle, which muscle contracts eccentrically to prevent foot slap?

What action primarily causes the arches of the foot to flatten during the stance phase of walking?

Which of the following contributes the MOST to resisting the flattening of the arch during the stance phase?

What role do the posterior leg muscles play during the foot-flat to heel-off phase of the gait cycle?

During the late swing phase of gait, what action is the tibialis anterior primarily responsible for?

During the heel-off to toe-off phase of gait, what action do the posterior and lateral leg muscles perform?

Which of the following describes the primary function of the hallux (big toe) during the final portion of the toe-off phase of gait?

How do concentric movements performed on the free limb contribute to efficiency during gait?

What action initiates the release of stored potential energy to elevate the arches of the foot during the swing phase?

How does the pathology known as 'Extensor Limb' manifest during gait, relating to anterior tibial muscles?

In pathological gait associated with the 'Extensor limb', what compensatory adaptation is likely observed on the unaffected side during the swing phase?

In pathological gait resulting from loss of 'calf' muscles, what is the key biomechanical change occurring at the ankle?

If a patient experiences a tibial nerve lesion leading to loss of the triceps surae group function, what action will be most difficult to perform effectively during gait?

During the mid-stance phase of gait, a lesion to what nerve and subsequent loss of 'calf' muscle function would most profoundly effect an individual's gait?

How does the loss of 'calf' muscle function influence forward momentum?

What best describes the mechanism of lower limb function in the instance where loss of plantarflexors occurs?

In considering the ankle's role in locomotion, if a new pharmacological agent selectively enhanced the elastic properties of the plantar ligaments, which of the following outcomes would be MOST likely?

Imagine a hypothetical scenario where humans evolved to have a completely rigid, non-articulating midfoot. How would this adaptation MOST likely affect bipedal locomotion?

What effect would an Achilles tendon rupture MOST directly exhibit during the stance phase of gait?

In the gait of a person is experiencing excessive eccentric dorsiflexion, which of the following problems are they MOST likely to experience?

What is the relationship between anterior tibial muscles, anterior tibial N and gait?

During a 'foot-slap' gait, which group of muscles is MOST likely to be inhibited?

Following damage to distal tendons for the anterior tibialis (AT), what is the MOST likely manifestation?

During a heel strike, what would indicate a high activity level for the gastrocnemius?

In a scenario with a gait displaying 'increased cadence' and a 'shortened step length', which anatomical components are MOST likely damaged?

Which tarsal bone articulates directly with the tibia and fibula, forming a key part of the ankle joint?

The term 'syndesmosis' accurately describes which of the following joints in the ankle region?

What specific characteristic defines movement at the talocrural joint?

Why is the wedged shape of the talus functionally significant for ankle stability during extension (dorsiflexion)?

Pronation is a tri-planar movement combining?

Which of the following movements is associated with supination of the foot?

The deltoid ligament complex is located medially in the ankle. Which bone is NOT directly connected via the deltoid ligament?

What is a key structural role of the plantar ligaments in the arches of the foot?

In the context of the foot's arches, tendons and muscles primarily function as:

During the heel strike phase of gait, what type of muscle contraction is primarily used by the tibialis anterior to control plantar flexion and prevent foot slap?

What is the primary cause of arch flattening during the stance phase of walking?

During the late swing phase of gait, what type of contraction does the tibialis anterior primarily perform?

How are concentric contractions performed by the muscles of the free limb (swing phase) related to efficiency of locomotion?

What event triggers the release of stored potential energy in the foot's arches during the swing phase of gait?

In a pathological gait pattern known as the 'Extensor limb', what action is diminished due to impaired anterior tibial muscles?

In a gait pattern with a loss of 'calf' muscle function, describe the key biomechanical change that occurs at the ankle.

If a patient experiences a lesion to the tibial nerve, resulting in loss of triceps surae group function, during gait, which movement would be most difficult?

How would the loss of calf muscle function MOST directly influence maintaining forward momentum during the gait cycle?

If a pharmacological agent were to selectively enhance the elastic properties of the plantar ligaments, how would this MOST likely affect bipedal locomotion?

A researcher discovers a population with a genetic mutation causing complete aplasia (failure of development) of the palmar aponeurosis. Which functional deficits would MOST likely observed in affected individuals?

In a hypothetical scenario where humans evolved to have a completely rigid, non-articulating midfoot, how MOST likely would this adaptation affect bipedal locomotion?

What is the relationship between the anterior tibial (AT) nerve and activity during gait?

Why does the cuboid tarsal bone contribute toward the transverse arch but not the longitudinal arch?

Considering the complex interplay of tarsal joints, which of the following statements BEST elucidates the functional synergy between the talocalcaneonavicular joint and the transverse tarsal joint during gait?

In a scenario where an individual sustains a complete transection of the spring ligament (plantar calcaneonavicular ligament), yet retains full integrity of all other ligamentous and muscular structures of the foot, what immediate biomechanical consequence would MOST demonstrably manifest?

When considering the influence of individual plantar ligaments on foot arch integrity, which statement accurately elucidates the distinct biomechanical function of the long plantar ligament relative to the short plantar ligament?

While assessing a patient with suspected posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD), a clinician aims to differentiate between Stage I (tenosynovitis without deformity) and Stage II (flexible flatfoot). Which clinical finding would MOST strongly indicate progression to Stage II?

Assume the existence of a novel endoskeleton which replaces the existing plantar aponeurosis which exhibits auxetic properties (negative Poisson's ratio) while retaining identical material strength and attachment points, what immediate effect would MOST likely be observed on the foot's biomechanical behavior during the midstance phase of gait?

During the terminal stance phase of gait, the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles generate plantarflexion torque. Which concurrent biomechanical phenomenon BEST describes the synergistic, yet distinct, contributions of these muscles to efficient locomotion?

Regarding the elastic energy storage and return within the foot during the gait cycle, which of the following statements BEST describes the functional interaction between the plantar fascia and the Achilles tendon?

During the swing phase of gait, concentric movements of the tibialis anterior are critical. How are these movements MOST directly and efficiently translated into forward limb progression?

In a patient presenting with 'extensor limb' gait secondary to common peroneal nerve damage, which of the following compensatory mechanisms would MOST likely be observed at the hip during the swing phase of the affected limb?

Assuming a patient presents with isolated paralysis of the triceps surae muscle group and exhibits a 'flexor limb' gait pattern, what primary biomechanical adaptation at the knee joint would MOST likely be observed during the loading response to compensate for impaired plantarflexion?

If a highly specific neurotoxin selectively ablates proprioceptive feedback from the ankle joint capsule while sparing all motor and cutaneous sensory functions, which immediate compensatory strategy would MOST likely manifest during complex locomotor tasks involving uneven terrain?

In a theoretical biomechanical model of human locomotion, what would be the MOST immediate and pronounced functional effect of eliminating the windlass mechanism during the propulsive phase of gait, assuming all other musculoskeletal components remain intact?

A patient presents with a rare genetic mutation causing selective agenesis (failure of development) of the interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula, while all other lower extremity structures are normal. What compensatory consequence is MOST likely?

A researcher engineers a bio-implant that selectively doubles the tensile strength, but not elasticity, of the deltoid ligament complex without altering its anatomical configuration. What immediate biomechanical impact would this MOST likely have on ankle joint kinematics during forced eversion?

Imagine a scenario where humans evolve to possess a fully functional, proximally located, third malleolus on the tibia that articulates with the talus, effectively creating a bi-condylar ankle joint with enhanced mediolateral stability. How would this MOST likely alter the relative contribution of the subtalar joint to overall foot motion during gait?

What general action is produced by all fibularis muscles?

What is the function of the popliteus muscle?

Which muscle inserts into the medial cuneiform and metatarsal 1?

Which nerve bifurcates to form the superficial and deep fibular nerves?

Into which metatarsal does the fibularis brevis insert?

Which muscle passes under the foot from the lateral side to reach metatarsal 1 and the medial cuneiform?

What is the common grouping name given for the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles?

Which of the following muscles is active during plantarflexion at the talocrural joint, setting it apart from most other lateral compartment muscles?

Which of the following muscles inserts into the navicular and medial cuneiform bones, forming a functional coupling with the tibialis anterior?

What is the positional relationship between the tibial nerve/artery/veins and the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) muscles?

The medial head of the gastrocnemius is typically:

What is the key functional difference between the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, regarding the joints they cross?

Which of the following muscles primarily everts the foot when the ankle is dorsiflexed, making it 'special' in its action?

Considering their distal attachments, which pair of muscles forms a 'sling' that supports the lateral aspect of the ankle?

Which of the following actions is performed by all of the posterior leg muscles mentioned besides Popliteus?

If an individual has damage specifically to the deep fibular nerve, which muscle group would be MOST affected?

The statement "'Tom, Dick, and Harry' move posteriorly to the medial malleolus" is a mnemonic for the tendons of which muscles? Which muscle name is Dick?

Considering the primary function of the muscles, which of the following best describes the collective role of 'Tom, Dick, and Harry' (Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, and Flexor Hallucis Longus) as they relate to movements of the foot?

If the superficial fibular nerve is damaged, what primary sensory deficit would be expected, and what muscles will be most compromised?

How does the insertion point of the tibialis posterior (TP) muscle, specifically into the navicular and medial cuneiform, facilitate in supporting the arch of the foot?

A patient presents with weakness in ankle plantarflexion and foot eversion. Electrophysiological studies indicate a lesion affecting both the tibial and superficial fibular nerves. Which specific muscle would retain its normal function?

If a hypothetical mutation caused the flexor hallucis longus muscle to insert onto the calcaneus instead of the distal phalanx of the great toe, what would be the MOST likely functional consequence?

Due to the location of the fibularis longus tendon as it passes under the cuboid bone, what secondary action assists with stabilizing the foot arch during weight bearing?

Which of the following MOST accurately describes the potential impact of impaired function in BOTH the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus muscles on gait and foot biomechanics?

In a patient presenting with a combined lesion affecting both the superficial fibular nerve and the tibial nerve distal to their bifurcation, which of the following deficits would be MOST likely to manifest, considering the selective innervation patterns of the associated musculature?

During a complex athletic movement requiring simultaneous ankle plantarflexion and foot eversion, which synergistic interaction between the lateral and posterior compartment muscles of the lower leg would be MOST critical for achieving optimal biomechanical efficiency?

Considering the unique anatomical course of the fibularis longus tendon as it traverses the plantar aspect of the foot, what biomechanical mechanism is MOST directly influenced by its position relative to the cuboid bone, and how does this affect overall foot stability?

In a scenario where a novel surgical procedure selectively severs the distal attachment of the tibialis posterior tendon to the navicular tuberosity, while preserving all other insertions and ligamentous structures, what immediate effect would this have on gait biomechanics, specifically concerning the foot's ability to manage pronation and supination?

If a mutation in the promoter region of a regulatory gene resulted in ectopic expression of the popliteus muscle's developmental program within the plantaris muscle primordium, what is the MOST likely functional effect on the resultant, chimeric muscle?

Which of the following scenarios would MOST severely compromise the windlass mechanism during the propulsive phase of gait despite the functional preservation of the plantar fascia?

Suppose a novel surgical technique allowed for the selective augmentation of the tensile strength, but not the elasticity, of the interosseous membrane bridging the tibia and fibula. What specific compensatory consequence would MOST likely manifest during weight-bearing activities?

Considering the anatomical relationship of the tibial nerve and its branches to the deep posterior compartment muscles, which specific surgical intervention would MOST likely result in iatrogenic injury to the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) while sparing the flexor digitorum longus (FDL)?

A 35-year-old marathon runner presents with insidious onset of lateral ankle pain and recurrent ankle instability, particularly during push-off. Radiographic imaging reveals no acute fractures or ligamentous tears. However, advanced biomechanical analysis demonstrates impaired eccentric control of ankle dorsiflexion coupled with compensatory overactivity of the foot invertors during stance phase. Which of the following potential etiologies would be MOST consistent with these findings?

Given the anatomical arrangement of the 'Tom, Dick, and Harry' muscles posterior to the medial malleolus, if a surgeon is performing a tarsal tunnel release and inadvertently severs the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus (Dick), what specific functional deficit would MOST likely result post-operatively, assuming no other tendons or nerves are injured?