Hair and Scalp Care Guidelines

Questions and Answers

What should you not do if you detect the presence of abrasions on a client's scalp?

Massage the scalp (correct)

Refer the client

Apply products

Clean the scalp

What is the kneading movement performed by lifting, squeezing, and pressing tissue called?

Petrissage

What is the infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice known as?

Pediculosis Capitis

What is an acute infection of a hair follicle that produces constant pain?

Furuncle Signup and view all the answers

What type of disease is transmitted from one person to another?

Communicable Signup and view all the answers

How should implements requiring disinfection be stored?

Completely immersed Signup and view all the answers

Who should a client with an infectious disease be referred to?

Physician Signup and view all the answers

What chemical products destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses on surfaces?

Disinfectants Signup and view all the answers

Which agency requires the ingredients of cosmetic preparations to be available to employees?

OSHA Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to an implement if blood is drawn during a manicure?

Cleaned and disinfected Signup and view all the answers

Where can you find product information on safe-handling guidelines and proper storage?

Material Safety Data Sheets Signup and view all the answers

What is a substance that is a particularly good conductor of electricity?

Copper Signup and view all the answers

What is the conversation where the practitioner finds out what the client is looking for?

Client Consultation Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the creation of graduation and layers in hair?

Degrees Signup and view all the answers

What is the angle at which the fingers are held when cutting referred to as?

Cutting line Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of removing excess bulk without shortening hair length called?

Texturizing Signup and view all the answers

What are the curved lines used to blend and soften horizontal or vertical lines?

Transitional lines Signup and view all the answers

What lines are used to remove weight to create graduated or layered haircuts?

Vertical Signup and view all the answers

What is a guideline where a small slice of a previous subsection is moved to the next position?

Traveling Guide Signup and view all the answers

What is the texturizing technique performed on the ends of hair using the tips of the shears called?

Point Cutting Signup and view all the answers

How many members of the Indiana State Board of Cosmetology may be of the same political party?

Five Signup and view all the answers

How long is a cosmetology license valid?

Four years Signup and view all the answers

Combs, brushes, rollers, and other implements should be stored in what type of container?

In a clean and closed container Signup and view all the answers

What is the State Board of Cosmetology required to furnish each cosmetology school or salon?

A list of sanitary requirements Signup and view all the answers

When must a cosmetology patron wear a clean towel or neck strip under their cape?

Always Signup and view all the answers

A waste container must be present for every ______ work stations.

four Signup and view all the answers

Where should sanitary requirements be posted?

In a conspicuous place Signup and view all the answers

Where must soiled towels be stored?

In a closed hamper Signup and view all the answers

What colors can look deeper than their actual level?

Cool tones Signup and view all the answers

All hair coloring products require a patch test with the exception of temporary colors.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the process where the hair is pre-lightened and then toned?

Double-process color application Signup and view all the answers

What color is obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors?

Secondary color Signup and view all the answers

What can overlapping hair color on previously tinted hair cause?

Demarcation Signup and view all the answers

What is used to restore the hair and scalp to their normal acidic pH?

Normalizing lotion Signup and view all the answers

After processing is complete for a soft curl permanent, what should be done after rinsing the hair thoroughly with warm water?

Each curl is towel-blotted Signup and view all the answers

Sodium Hydroxide relaxers are commonly called what?

Lye relaxers Signup and view all the answers

What are relaxers formed by a metal combined with oxygen and hydrogen known as?

Metal Hydroxide relaxers Signup and view all the answers

What is the next step after saturating the rods with neutralizer in a soft curl perm?

Remove rods carefully Signup and view all the answers

What is one safety precaution that must be followed with all chemical hair relaxing services?

Wearing protective gloves Signup and view all the answers

What is the combination of a thio permanent wrapped on large tools called?

Soft curl permanent Signup and view all the answers

To check relaxer processing, what should you do with a strand?

Smooth and press to the scalp Signup and view all the answers

When performing a sodium hydroxide retouch, where is the product applied first?

To the new growth only Signup and view all the answers

The most commonly used methods of hair relaxing are the sodium hydroxide method and the ____________ method.

Thio Signup and view all the answers

When the hair has been sufficiently straightened, it should be rinsed rapidly and thoroughly with ____________ water.

Warm Signup and view all the answers

What is periodic strand testing?

Inspecting the action of the relaxer by stretching strands Signup and view all the answers

How is the relaxing cream applied when using the comb method of application?

With the back of the comb Signup and view all the answers

Where is the relaxer cream applied last when applying sodium hydroxide relaxer?

Scalp and hair ends Signup and view all the answers

What is the best type of shampoo to use after the chemical relaxer?

A neutralizing shampoo Signup and view all the answers

If using a 'no base' relaxer, where may a protective cream be applied?

To the hairline and around the ears Signup and view all the answers

Why is relaxer cream applied near the scalp last?

Because processing is accelerated by body heat Signup and view all the answers

After the hair has been processed with sodium hydroxide relaxer and before shampoo, the hair should be thoroughly ____________.

Rinsed Signup and view all the answers

What is applied to protect the scalp and skin from possible burns when using a hair relaxer?

Base cream Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of breaking the hair's disulfide bonds during processing known as?

Lanthionization Signup and view all the answers

What does the action of a sodium hydroxide relaxer cause the hair to do?

Soften Signup and view all the answers

Before giving a relaxing treatment to overly curly hair, the cosmetologist must judge its texture, porosity & ____________.

Elasticity & extent of damage (if any) Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested strength of relaxer for coarse virgin hair?

Strong or super Signup and view all the answers

What relaxer strength should be used for fine, tinted, or lightened hair?

Mild Signup and view all the answers

What are the three basic steps used in chemical hair relaxing?

Processing, neutralizing, conditioning Signup and view all the answers

Hydroxide relaxers are usually sold in __________ formulas.

Base & no base Signup and view all the answers

What does the processing time of a chemical relaxer affect?

The hair's porosity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of relaxer does not require pre-shampooing?

Sodium hydroxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of permanently rearranging the structure of overly curly hair called?

Chemical hair relaxing Signup and view all the answers

What do permanent waving and hair relaxers change in the hair?

Disulfide bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the stationary foundation of a curl called?

Base Signup and view all the answers

In the croquignole method, how is the hair wound?

Ends to scalp Signup and view all the answers

What type of curls offer slight lift of volume?

Off-base curls Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to as the angle at which a permanent wave rod is positioned on the head?

Base direction Signup and view all the answers

Relaxers marketed as no mix, no lye relaxers are called what?

Potassium hydroxide relaxers Signup and view all the answers

Most acid waves used in salons have a pH value between __________.

7.8-8.2 Signup and view all the answers

What are perm rods that are equal in diameter along their entire length called?

Straight rods Signup and view all the answers

What does hair that is pressed to the scalp and continues to curl indicate?

Insufficiently relaxed Signup and view all the answers

In permanent waving, the reduction reaction is due to the addition of what?

Hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components of all acid waves?

Permanent waving lotion, neutralizer, activator Signup and view all the answers

What breaks the disulfide bonds through a chemical reaction called reduction?

Waving solution Signup and view all the answers

What do chemical hair texturizers temporarily raise to soften and swell the hair shaft?

pH Signup and view all the answers

What is a weak physical cross-link side bond that is broken by changes in pH?

Salt bond Signup and view all the answers

What do sodium hydroxide relaxers commonly get called?

Lye relaxers Signup and view all the answers

What determines the shape and type of curl in permanent waving?

The shape & type of rod and the wrapping method Signup and view all the answers

What type of curl is placed completely off base for the greatest mobility?

Full stem curl Signup and view all the answers

What type of chemical reactions are characterized by giving off heat?

Exothermic Signup and view all the answers

What must hair treated with hydroxide relaxers not also be treated with?

Thio relaxers Signup and view all the answers

What should not be performed if the scalp analysis shows signs of abrasions?

Chemical services Signup and view all the answers

What is the main active ingredient in true acid & acid-balanced waving lotion?

Glycerol Monothioglycolate Signup and view all the answers

What wrapping technique provides the most control over hair ends?

Double flat wrap Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common reducing agents used in chemical texture services?

Thioglycolic acid Signup and view all the answers

What type of waves are activated from an outside heat source?

Endothermic Signup and view all the answers

What stops the action of permanent wave solution and rebuilds the hair?

Thio neutralization Signup and view all the answers

What do bacteria generally consist of in their outer cell wall?

Protoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the bone that joins all bones of the cranium together?

Sphenoid bone Signup and view all the answers

What does the number of individual hair strands on one square inch of the scalp indicate?

Hair density Signup and view all the answers

The shape of the hair strand described as straight, wavy, curly, or extremely curly is known as ____________.

Wave pattern Signup and view all the answers

Pheomelanin provides natural hair colors from ____________ to yellow & blond tones.

Red & ginger Signup and view all the answers

____________ is the tiny grains of pigment in the cortex that give natural color to hair.

Melanin Signup and view all the answers

A side bond that is easily broken by strong alkaline or acidic solutions is called a(an) ____________ bond.

disulfide Signup and view all the answers

What is the ability of hair to stretch and return to its original form without breaking called?

Elasticity Signup and view all the answers

What is the ability of the hair to absorb moisture called?

Porosity Signup and view all the answers

Hair texture refers to the ____________ of the hair.

Thickness or diameter Signup and view all the answers

What do we call hair that forms a circular pattern?

Whirl Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Scalp and Infection Guidelines

Avoid massaging a client's scalp if abrasions are present.
Infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice is called Pediculosis Capitis.
Clients with infectious diseases should be referred to a physician for appropriate care.

Massage Techniques

Petrissage is a kneading movement involving lifting, squeezing, and pressing tissue with light pressure.

Disinfection Protocols

Implements requiring disinfection must be completely immersed in a covered container.
Chemical products known as disinfectants destroy bacteria, fungi, and viruses (excluding spores).
Material Safety Data Sheets provide safe-handling guidelines and proper storage information for chemical products.

Hair Styling Guidelines

A client consultation is critical for understanding client needs and preferences.
Elevation in haircutting is described in degrees, while the angle used when cutting refers to the cutting line.
Vertical lines create graduated or layered haircuts and are essential for removing weight from hair.

Chemical Treatments

Normalizing lotion restores hair and scalp pH to a normal acidic level.
Soft curl permanent refers to a thio permanent wrapped on large tools to create loose curls.
Sodium Hydroxide relaxers, also known as lye relaxers, require protective gloves during application.
The process of breaking disulfide bonds during chemical hair relaxing is termed lanthionization.

Licensing and Regulations

Members of the Indiana State Board of Cosmetology cannot exceed five members from the same political party.
A cosmetology license is valid for four years, and a list of sanitary requirements must be provided to salon operators.
Sanitary requirements must be posted in a conspicuous place within salons.

Hair Color and Texture

Overlapping hair color on previously tinted hair can lead to breakage and visible demarcation.
Temporary colors do not require a patch test, while other coloring products do.
Hair texture refers to the thickness or diameter of the hair strand, while elasticity relates to its ability to stretch and return to its original form without breaking.

Permanent Waving and Chemical Texturing

Permanent waving alters hair shape through chemical processes (disulfide bonds).
Acid waves have a pH of 7.8-8.2 and are composed of wrapping lotion, neutralizer, and activator.
Exothermic reactions occur during chemical services, characterized by releasing heat.

Chemical Hair Relaxers

Sodium hydroxide relaxers (lye relaxers) and thioglycolic acid are the most common reducing agents in relaxing treatments.
Hair should be rinsed thoroughly after sodium hydroxide relaxer processing and before shampooing.
Periodic strand testing checks relaxer processing by assessing how natural curls react when pressed to the scalp.

Health and Safety

Always wear a clean towel or neck strip under the client's cape during services.
Waste containers should be present for every four workstations to maintain cleanliness.
Chemical services should not be performed on scalps with abrasions or signs of infection.

Hair Density and Wave Patterns

Hair density indicates the number of individual hair strands in a square inch of the scalp.
The shape of hair strands (straight, wavy, curly) defines the wave pattern, which is associated with styling options.
Melanin granules in the cortex provide natural pigmentation, contributing to variations from red to yellow and blond tones.

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Description

Test your knowledge on essential guidelines concerning scalp and hair care, massage techniques, disinfection protocols, and styling principles. This quiz covers important practices to ensure client safety and hairdressing standards.