Haemopoiesis and Blood Cell Development

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What is haemopoiesis?

A process of blood cell transportation

A process of blood cell destruction

A continuous, regulated process of blood cell production (correct)

A process of blood cell storage

What is the primary site of haemopoiesis?

Bone marrow (correct)

Thymus

Spleen

Liver

What are the two functional components of haemopoiesis?

HSC and progenitors (correct)

HSC and cytokines

Growth factors and progenitors

Cytokines and growth factors

What is the role of cytokines and hematopoietic growth factors in haemopoiesis?

To differentiate and mature hematopoietic progenitor cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the processes of haemopoiesis?

Formation of functional blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of haemopoiesis characterized by?

Continuous, regulated process Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of yolk sac erythroblasts in early embryogenesis?

To produce hemoglobin for oxygen delivery to embryonic tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of haemopoiesis during the second trimester of fetal life?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

When does the hepatic phase of haemopoiesis begin?

5 to 7 gestational weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of cells migrating to the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region?

To give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) Signup and view all the answers

When does hematopoiesis in the fetal liver reach its peak?

Third month of fetal development Signup and view all the answers

What happens to primitive haemopoiesis of the yolk sac during the hepatic phase?

It declines Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Haemopoietic Growth Factors?

To regulate proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of haemopoietic progenitor cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells produce Haemopoietic Growth Factors?

Different types of cells, including T lymphocytes, macrophages, and others Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between multilineage HGFs and lineage-restricted HGFs?

Multilineage HGFs act on more than one cell line, while lineage-restricted HGFs act on one specific cell line Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a multilineage HGF?

GM-CSF Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid progenitors?

Either GM-CSF or IL-3 and a lineage-specific cytokine Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of HGFs in haemopoiesis?

To regulate the commitment of progenitors to specific lineages Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the earliest identifiable human HSCs capable of initiating long-term cultures?

CD34+, CD38-, HLA-DRlow, Thy1low, and Lin- Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor controlling the rate of production of blood cells in the bone marrow?

Physiologic need Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of HSCs to nucleated blood cells in the bone marrow?

1:1000 Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of the cell cycle where the cell rests and is not actively dividing?

G0 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following markers is associated with T-lymphoid progenitor cells and natural killer cells?

CD7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate daily production of erythrocytes, platelets, and granulocytes per kilogram of body weight in the bone marrow?

2.5 billion, 2.5 billion, and 1 billion Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the production and secretion of EPO?

Oxygen availability in the kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of EPO in the erythropoietic process?

To recruit CFU-E from the more primitive BFU-E compartment Signup and view all the answers

Which factor stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of neutrophil and macrophage colonies?

GM-CSF Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the differentiation of eosinophils?

GM-CSF, IL-5, and IL-3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IL-3 in leukopoiesis?

To stimulate the growth of granulocytes, monocytes, megakaryocytes, and erythroid cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of EPO production?

Kidney Signup and view all the answers