30 Questions
What is haemopoiesis?
A continuous, regulated process of blood cell production
What is the primary site of haemopoiesis?
Bone marrow
What are the two functional components of haemopoiesis?
HSC and progenitors
What is the role of cytokines and hematopoietic growth factors in haemopoiesis?
To differentiate and mature hematopoietic progenitor cells
What is the result of the processes of haemopoiesis?
Formation of functional blood cells
What is the process of haemopoiesis characterized by?
Continuous, regulated process
What is the significance of yolk sac erythroblasts in early embryogenesis?
To produce hemoglobin for oxygen delivery to embryonic tissues
What is the primary site of haemopoiesis during the second trimester of fetal life?
Liver
When does the hepatic phase of haemopoiesis begin?
5 to 7 gestational weeks
What is the significance of cells migrating to the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region?
To give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)
When does hematopoiesis in the fetal liver reach its peak?
Third month of fetal development
What happens to primitive haemopoiesis of the yolk sac during the hepatic phase?
It declines
What is the primary function of Haemopoietic Growth Factors?
To regulate proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of haemopoietic progenitor cells
What type of cells produce Haemopoietic Growth Factors?
Different types of cells, including T lymphocytes, macrophages, and others
What is the difference between multilineage HGFs and lineage-restricted HGFs?
Multilineage HGFs act on more than one cell line, while lineage-restricted HGFs act on one specific cell line
Which of the following is an example of a multilineage HGF?
GM-CSF
What is required for the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid progenitors?
Either GM-CSF or IL-3 and a lineage-specific cytokine
What is the role of HGFs in haemopoiesis?
To regulate the commitment of progenitors to specific lineages
What is the characteristic of the earliest identifiable human HSCs capable of initiating long-term cultures?
CD34+, CD38-, HLA-DRlow, Thy1low, and Lin-
What is the primary factor controlling the rate of production of blood cells in the bone marrow?
Physiologic need
What is the ratio of HSCs to nucleated blood cells in the bone marrow?
1:1000
What is the stage of the cell cycle where the cell rests and is not actively dividing?
G0
Which of the following markers is associated with T-lymphoid progenitor cells and natural killer cells?
CD7
What is the approximate daily production of erythrocytes, platelets, and granulocytes per kilogram of body weight in the bone marrow?
2.5 billion, 2.5 billion, and 1 billion
What stimulates the production and secretion of EPO?
Oxygen availability in the kidney
What is the role of EPO in the erythropoietic process?
To recruit CFU-E from the more primitive BFU-E compartment
Which factor stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of neutrophil and macrophage colonies?
GM-CSF
What is required for the differentiation of eosinophils?
GM-CSF, IL-5, and IL-3
What is the function of IL-3 in leukopoiesis?
To stimulate the growth of granulocytes, monocytes, megakaryocytes, and erythroid cells
What is the primary site of EPO production?
Kidney
Learn about the process of haemopoiesis, the development of blood cells from embryo to adult, including anatomic sites and cells produced. Understand the role of stem cells, progenitors, and growth factors in haemopoiesis. Apply your knowledge to therapeutic applications.
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