Y11 Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Short Answer Questions 19/01/2024

1 mark awarded for the following - Anaerobic (1)

AO3 (sub-max 3 marks) 200m is a sprint event and all sprint events are anaerobic (1) Maximal intensity / effort and low duration means insufficient oxygen is available to work anaerobically (1) Energy demand is higher than oxygen available, therefore anaerobic (1) No reduction in intensity / time to rest to repay oxygen debt (1) Body uses glucose → energy + lactic acid because of the lack of oxygen available (1)

Award one mark for each of the following up to a maximum of two marks.

The aerobic training zone is between 60% and 80% of maximal heart rate. (1)

Andrew’s heart rate range for his aerobic training zone is between 108BPM and 144BPM. (1)

Oxyhaemoglobin (1)

Award one mark for identifying each of the following up to a maximum of four marks. • Large surface area (1) • Moist walls (1) • Thin walls or one cell thick (1) • Surrounded by many capillaries (1) • Large blood supply (1) • High concentration of oxygen (1) Maximum 4 marks

Award one mark for each of the following up to a maximum of four marks. • The diaphragm relaxes and returns to a dome shape (1) • The intercostal muscles relax moving the rib cage down and back (1) • The chest cavity decreases in volume (1) • The pressure in the chest cavity increases (1) • Pressure gradient (molecules move from high to low pressure) exists and air is pushed out (1) Accept any other suitable response. Maximum 4 marks

• • Increase in the number of red blood cells (haemoglobin) which increases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, will enable the swimmer to swim more efficiently and faster for longer, therefore recording a faster time or better position in the race (1)
• • Increasing the buffering capacity (ability to cope with build-up of lactic or waste acid) therefore they will not have to slow down in the latter stages of the race (1)
• • The swimmer gains a competitive advantage as their aerobic capacity will have increased for a period of a few weeks (1)
• • These effects will be the most significant when the swimmer competes at sea level where oxygen levels are higher and the swimmer is able to use the increased number of red blood cells to carry oxygen (1)
• • Speeding up gaseous exchange. The swimmer will be able to work at a higher rate for a longer time and record faster times at sea level (1)
• • When training at altitude, detraining can occur due to the lack of oxygen which means the swimmer may not be able to train for as long or as intensely (1)
• • Fitness may be lost if the swimmer is unable to swim due to altitude sickness (1)
• • Psychological issues associated with training in unfamiliar surroundings/being away from home could mean they underperform whilst training and therefore do not make the necessary improvements (1)
• • Benefits can be lost relatively quickly so increased performance may only be for a short period
• of time (1)