pharm review 1.

Needle Lengths for IM Injections

• Recommended needle lengths range from 1 to 1.5 inches for intramuscular injections.

Immunosuppressive Medication Adverse Effects

• Common adverse effects include increased risk of infection and nephrotoxicity, which may lead to oliguria and impaired immunity.

Bethanechol

• Enhances urination and can cause bronchoconstriction, hypotension, bradycardia, and excessive salivation.

Sirolimus and Cyclosporine

• Sirolimus: Grapefruit consumption should be avoided due to interactions.
• Cyclosporine: Apple juice is recommended for accompanying intake.

Celiac Disease

• A strict gluten-free diet is essential for management.

Teaching About Morphine

• Encourage increased fluid intake to prevent constipation.
• Be aware of side effects including pupillary constriction, urinary retention, sedation, and drowsiness.

Morphine Adverse Effects and Monitoring

• Possible adverse effects include nausea and vomiting.
• Important monitoring includes respiratory depression, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, and urinary retention.

Esomeprazole

• Used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and reduces gastric reflux.

Effects of Morphine

• Respiratory depression is a significant concern, especially with a respiratory rate of fewer than 10 breaths per minute.

Hypersensitivity Reaction to Amoxicillin

• Symptoms may include pruritus, urticaria, hypotension, bronchospasm, wheezing, laryngeal edema, and disruption of gastrointestinal flora.

Oral Corticosteroid Administration

• Rinse the mouth following oral corticosteroid use to prevent complications.

Ranitidine (Zantac)

• Treats GERD and peptic ulcers; avoid co-administration with calcium channel blockers due to potential toxicity.

Medication Errors

• First actions for incorrect medication administration include data collection, physician notification, incident report completion, and patient reassurance regarding safety.

Metoclopramide Contraindications

• Contraindicated in individuals with intestinal obstruction.

Allopurinol

• Advise increased fluid intake of 2-3 liters daily to help reduce uric acid levels.

Tuberculosis Treatment

• Isoniazid and rifampin are the primary medications used to treat tuberculosis.

Asthma Medications

• Albuterol is used for mild asthma.
• Budesonide is prescribed for severe asthma management.

Aspirin in Children

• Risks including Reye's syndrome when given to children, especially during viral infections.

Sertraline Contraindications

• St. John’s Wort should not be used in conjunction with sertraline.

Erythromycin Administration

• Should be infused slowly to prevent adverse effects.

Nitroglycerin

• Used for the management of angina.

Furosemide

• Effective in treating pulmonary edema.

Simvastatin

• Used to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction.

Sildenafil

• Primarily prescribed for erectile dysfunction.

Heparin Administration

• Administer subcutaneously in the abdomen, applying pressure to the site post-injection.

Penicillin Allergy

• Patients allergic to penicillin can also react to cephalosporins.

Dobutamine Hydrochlorothiazide Effects

• Increases heart rate, blood pressure, and improves cardiac output.

Alternative Nausea Treatment During Pregnancy

• Ginger serves as a natural alternative for nausea and vomiting relief.

Digoxin Monitoring

• Withhold if heart rate is below a certain level, confirming the exam practice.

NSAIDs and Ulcer Disease

• Use is contraindicated as NSAIDs can lead to GI bleeding.

Isoniazid Considerations

• Requires liver function monitoring, lasts 6-9 months, and should be taken on an empty stomach; alcohol avoidance is critical.

Hydrochlorothiazide Effects

• Can cause loss of potassium as a side effect.

Simvastatin Adverse Effects

• Side effects include constipation, flatulence, headache, and any muscle pain or tenderness requires reporting.

Rifampin Effects

• May cause red-orange discoloration of tears and urine.

Routes of Drug Administration

• Parental: IM, IV, SUBQ
• Topical: Skin application
• Oral: Swallowed
• Sublingual: Under the tongue

Nitroglycerin Patch Teaching

• Rotate application sites, avoid placing directly over the heart, and apply on hairless skin.

Acetaminophen Overdose Monitoring

• Monitor AST and ALT levels; liver failure can take 42-72 hours to manifest.

Isosorbide Mononitrate Considerations

• Be aware it can cause orthostatic hypotension; advise slow position changes.

Common Adverse Effect of Isosorbide Mononitrate

• Headaches are a frequent side effect.

Diphenhydramine Administration

• Best taken with food; may lead to sedation effects (first-generation antihistamine).

Budesonide Functionality

• Reduces inflammation; hypokalemia and blood glucose levels should be monitored.

Treatment for Unstable Angina

• Managed effectively with nitroglycerin application.

Ceftriaxone Application

• Utilized for the treatment of salmonella infections.

Ketoconazole

• Prescribed for fungal infections.

Ciprofloxacin

• Primarily treats urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Vancomycin Use

• Effective against MRSA infections.

Short Acting Beta-2 Agonist

• Commonly used to reverse bronchospasms.

Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI) Technique

• Inhale slowly over 3-5 seconds for optimal effect; consider using a spacer.