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Questions and Answers
What is the recommended administration route for heparin?
What is the recommended administration route for heparin?
Which medication is primarily used to manage erectile dysfunction?
Which medication is primarily used to manage erectile dysfunction?
What common adverse effect should be monitored when a patient is taking isosorbide mononitrate?
What common adverse effect should be monitored when a patient is taking isosorbide mononitrate?
Which of the following medications can cause GI bleeding in patients with ulcer disease?
Which of the following medications can cause GI bleeding in patients with ulcer disease?
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What should be monitored after a suspected overdose of acetaminophen?
What should be monitored after a suspected overdose of acetaminophen?
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In which condition is nitroglycerin predominantly used for treatment?
In which condition is nitroglycerin predominantly used for treatment?
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What is the effect of hydrochlorothiazide on potassium levels?
What is the effect of hydrochlorothiazide on potassium levels?
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What should be avoided while taking isoniazid?
What should be avoided while taking isoniazid?
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What is a key adverse effect of immunosuppressive medications?
What is a key adverse effect of immunosuppressive medications?
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Which medication should be avoided with grapefruit?
Which medication should be avoided with grapefruit?
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What should a patient be advised to do after taking oral corticosteroids?
What should a patient be advised to do after taking oral corticosteroids?
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In which situation is metoclopramide contraindicated?
In which situation is metoclopramide contraindicated?
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What is a common adverse effect of morphine that needs monitoring?
What is a common adverse effect of morphine that needs monitoring?
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What can aspirin cause in children that is serious?
What can aspirin cause in children that is serious?
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What is advised for patients taking allopurinol?
What is advised for patients taking allopurinol?
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What is the initial action to take when a patient receives the wrong medication?
What is the initial action to take when a patient receives the wrong medication?
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Study Notes
Needle Lengths for IM Injections
- Recommended needle lengths range from 1 to 1.5 inches for intramuscular injections.
Immunosuppressive Medication Adverse Effects
- Common adverse effects include increased risk of infection and nephrotoxicity, which may lead to oliguria and impaired immunity.
Bethanechol
- Enhances urination and can cause bronchoconstriction, hypotension, bradycardia, and excessive salivation.
Sirolimus and Cyclosporine
- Sirolimus: Grapefruit consumption should be avoided due to interactions.
- Cyclosporine: Apple juice is recommended for accompanying intake.
Celiac Disease
- A strict gluten-free diet is essential for management.
Teaching About Morphine
- Encourage increased fluid intake to prevent constipation.
- Be aware of side effects including pupillary constriction, urinary retention, sedation, and drowsiness.
Morphine Adverse Effects and Monitoring
- Possible adverse effects include nausea and vomiting.
- Important monitoring includes respiratory depression, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, and urinary retention.
Esomeprazole
- Used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and reduces gastric reflux.
Effects of Morphine
- Respiratory depression is a significant concern, especially with a respiratory rate of fewer than 10 breaths per minute.
Hypersensitivity Reaction to Amoxicillin
- Symptoms may include pruritus, urticaria, hypotension, bronchospasm, wheezing, laryngeal edema, and disruption of gastrointestinal flora.
Oral Corticosteroid Administration
- Rinse the mouth following oral corticosteroid use to prevent complications.
Ranitidine (Zantac)
- Treats GERD and peptic ulcers; avoid co-administration with calcium channel blockers due to potential toxicity.
Medication Errors
- First actions for incorrect medication administration include data collection, physician notification, incident report completion, and patient reassurance regarding safety.
Metoclopramide Contraindications
- Contraindicated in individuals with intestinal obstruction.
Allopurinol
- Advise increased fluid intake of 2-3 liters daily to help reduce uric acid levels.
Tuberculosis Treatment
- Isoniazid and rifampin are the primary medications used to treat tuberculosis.
Asthma Medications
- Albuterol is used for mild asthma.
- Budesonide is prescribed for severe asthma management.
Aspirin in Children
- Risks including Reye's syndrome when given to children, especially during viral infections.
Sertraline Contraindications
- St. John’s Wort should not be used in conjunction with sertraline.
Erythromycin Administration
- Should be infused slowly to prevent adverse effects.
Nitroglycerin
- Used for the management of angina.
Furosemide
- Effective in treating pulmonary edema.
Simvastatin
- Used to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction.
Sildenafil
- Primarily prescribed for erectile dysfunction.
Heparin Administration
- Administer subcutaneously in the abdomen, applying pressure to the site post-injection.
Penicillin Allergy
- Patients allergic to penicillin can also react to cephalosporins.
Dobutamine Hydrochlorothiazide Effects
- Increases heart rate, blood pressure, and improves cardiac output.
Alternative Nausea Treatment During Pregnancy
- Ginger serves as a natural alternative for nausea and vomiting relief.
Digoxin Monitoring
- Withhold if heart rate is below a certain level, confirming the exam practice.
NSAIDs and Ulcer Disease
- Use is contraindicated as NSAIDs can lead to GI bleeding.
Isoniazid Considerations
- Requires liver function monitoring, lasts 6-9 months, and should be taken on an empty stomach; alcohol avoidance is critical.
Hydrochlorothiazide Effects
- Can cause loss of potassium as a side effect.
Simvastatin Adverse Effects
- Side effects include constipation, flatulence, headache, and any muscle pain or tenderness requires reporting.
Rifampin Effects
- May cause red-orange discoloration of tears and urine.
Routes of Drug Administration
- Parental: IM, IV, SUBQ
- Topical: Skin application
- Oral: Swallowed
- Sublingual: Under the tongue
Nitroglycerin Patch Teaching
- Rotate application sites, avoid placing directly over the heart, and apply on hairless skin.
Acetaminophen Overdose Monitoring
- Monitor AST and ALT levels; liver failure can take 42-72 hours to manifest.
Isosorbide Mononitrate Considerations
- Be aware it can cause orthostatic hypotension; advise slow position changes.
Common Adverse Effect of Isosorbide Mononitrate
- Headaches are a frequent side effect.
Diphenhydramine Administration
- Best taken with food; may lead to sedation effects (first-generation antihistamine).
Budesonide Functionality
- Reduces inflammation; hypokalemia and blood glucose levels should be monitored.
Treatment for Unstable Angina
- Managed effectively with nitroglycerin application.
Ceftriaxone Application
- Utilized for the treatment of salmonella infections.
Ketoconazole
- Prescribed for fungal infections.
Ciprofloxacin
- Primarily treats urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Vancomycin Use
- Effective against MRSA infections.
Short Acting Beta-2 Agonist
- Commonly used to reverse bronchospasms.
Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI) Technique
- Inhale slowly over 3-5 seconds for optimal effect; consider using a spacer.
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