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Questions and Answers

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, conflicts are never fully resolved. Therefore, conflicts from earlier stages may affect later development.

  • True (correct)
  • False

Classical conditioning, as proposed by Pavlov, involves changing a behavior based on what happens before the behavior occurs.

  • False
  • True (correct)

Operant conditioning, as proposed by Skinner, involves changing a behavior based on what happens after the behavior occurs.

  • True (correct)
  • False

Bandura's Social Cognitive Learning theory suggests that behavior is primarily learned through observing and imitating models, as well as through reward and punishment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, which theory considers the human mind as a symbol-manipulating system?

<p>Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the Zone of Proximal Development defined as?

<p>The distance between a learner's actual development level and their potential development level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what are the two primary Contextual Development theorists?

<p>Bronfenbrenner &amp; Vygotsky (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, how many stages are there?

<p>8 stages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first psychosocial stage in Erikson's theory?

<p>Trust vs Mistrust (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range for the second psychosocial stage in Erikson's theory?

<p>1-3 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the second psychosocial stage in Erikson's theory?

<p>Gaining independence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most influential level of Bronfenbrenner's Ecological systems theory?

<p>The microsystem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Bronfenbrenner's Ecological systems theory, which level consists of the interactions between the different parts of a person's microsystem?

<p>The mesosystem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of Bronfenbrenner's Ecological systems theory refers to settings that do not involve the person as an active participant, but still affect them?

<p>The exosystem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of Bronfenbrenner's Ecological systems theory encompasses the cultural environment and all other systems that affect the person?

<p>The macrosystem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of development is characterized by the belief that everything that exists has some kind of consciousness?

<p>Pre-operational stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of development do children gradually develop the ability to 'conserve' or learn that objects are not always the way they appear to be?

<p>Concrete operational stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of development is characterized by the capacity for abstract thinking and reasoning beyond concrete reality?

<p>Formal operational stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major characteristic of the formal operational stage that allows adolescents to evaluate the logical validity of verbal assertions without making reference to real-world circumstances?

<p>Hypothetical-deductive reasoning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Erikson's theory, which psychosocial stage occurs during the preschool years?

<p>Initiative vs Guilt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Erikson's theory, what is the ego quality that emerges when an ideal balance of individual initiative and a willingness to work with others is achieved?

<p>Purpose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Erikson's theory, which psychosocial stage occurs during adolescence?

<p>Identity vs Role Confusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Erikson's theory, what is the virtue achieved when the 7th psychosocial stage is handled successfully?

<p>Care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lifespan development?

<p>Nature vs Nurture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Change in lifespan development can only be quantitative.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the stages of lifespan development?

<p>Prenatal period, Infancy &amp; Toddlerhood, Early childhood, Middle childhood, Adolescence, Young adulthood, Middle adulthood, Late adulthood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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