T1 Neuropathology Module Tutorial
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause intraparenchymal hemorrhage in the brain?

  • Neurofibromatosis type I
  • Hypertension (correct)
  • Polycystic kidney disease
  • Ehler’s Danlos syndrome

    • What is the most likely cause of death in Case 2?

  • Cardiorespiratory arrest
  • Intraparenchymal hemorrhage
  • Neck stiffness
  • Raised intracranial pressure (correct)

    • What is the most likely cause of death in Case 3?

  • Intraparenchymal hemorrhage
  • Raised intracranial pressure (correct)
  • Cardiorespiratory arrest
  • Cardiac hypertrophy

    • What is the most likely cause of death in Case 4?

    <p>Septicaemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is most likely to cause destruction of a vertebral disk and subsequent dislocation of the spine?

    <p>Spinal abscess (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause cardiac hypertrophy?

    <p>Hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of the patient's leg weakness, urinary incontinence, and multi-organ failure in Case 4?

    <p>Spinal abscess (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause intracranial pressure and tonsillar herniation?

    <p>Raised intracranial pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause a berry aneurysm?

    <p>Adult polycystic kidney disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of the patient's symptoms in Case 5?

    <p>Subarachnoid hemorrhage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is affected in Case 1?

    <p>Frontal lobe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size, shape, and color of the abnormality in Case 1?

    <p>Small, irregular, dark red (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the possible cause of the clinical features in Case 1?

    <p>Trauma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of transtentorial herniation in Case 1?

    <p>Compression of the oculomotor nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of death in Case 1?

    <p>Raised intracranial pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure shown in the image labeled 'External surface of dura mater'?

    <p>Tentorium cerebelli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the abnormal accumulation of blood between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater?

    <p>Subdural hematoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of subfalcine herniation in Case 1?

    <p>Compression of the frontal lobe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the compression of the oculomotor nerve in Case 1?

    <p>Oculomotor palsy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of increased intracranial pressure in Case 1?

    <p>Decreased heart rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following clinical features might this patient show?

    <p>Non-blanching skin rash, photophobia, neck or nuchal stiffness, fever, headaches, drowsiness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which investigation can confirm this diagnosis?

    <p>Lumbar puncture to obtain CSF for bacterial culture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the contraindications against such investigation and why?

    <p>Raised intracranial pressure with risk of tonsillar herniation. Lumbar puncture may cause further increase in intracranial pressure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of organisms is commonly associated with meningitis in newborns?

    <p>Group B streptococci, E. coli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of organisms is commonly associated with meningitis in children?

    <p>Meningococcus/Neisseria meningitides, Streptococcus pneumoniae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of organisms is commonly associated with meningitis in adults?

    <p>Meningococcus/Neisseria meningitides, Streptococcus pneumoniae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of organisms is commonly associated with meningitis in old age?

    <p>Haemophilus influenzae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of organisms is commonly associated with meningitis in immunocompromised individuals?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some causes of non-infectious meningitis?

    <p>Metastasis to the meninges, drug reactions, sarcoidosis, vasculitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between coup and contrecoup injuries?

    <p>Coup injury occurs when the head is moving, while contrecoup injury occurs when the head is stationary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of haemorrhage is the most likely consequence of a rupture to the middle meningeal artery (from Question 1) by the cricket ball?

    <p>extradural haemorrhage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The middle meningeal artery supplies parts of the cerebral hemispheres. TRUE or FALSE?

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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