Gunpowder Empires in Asia

<p>Ivan IV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To convert indigenous tribes to Christianity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ming Dynasty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trade routes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emperor Qianlong (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Successful, increasing cultural integration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of gunpowder and artillery. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large-scale destruction and brutality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It heightened tensions between Christians and Muslims. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal strife and lack of leadership. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To convert Christian boys into Janissaries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain public order in villages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive taxation on peasants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were fiercely loyal to the sultan. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It implied kings were above the law. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By maintaining agricultural lands and protection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Taj Mahal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through severe punishments for disloyalty. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The construction of the Taj Mahal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It expanded its territory significantly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often became wealthy and were implicated in corruption. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A major trading hub reflecting economic prosperity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Raising taxes and improving tax collection methods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are predestined for salvation and should lead lives reflecting that. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allowed rulers to choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To successfully reform and renew Catholicism against Protestantism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To unite France's divided religious factions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diminished public support and theological criticism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the church conformed to government policies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In agricultural goods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consistent use of bureaucracy to administer vast territories (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Large, multiethnic states in Southwest, Central, and South Asia that used firearms to conquer and control territories. Examples include the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires.

Chinese dynasty that followed the Mongols, restoring Chinese rule and overseeing significant cultural and economic developments.

Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Ming Dynasty, expanding China's borders and influence.

Russian Tsar known as Ivan the Terrible, who expanded Russia's borders eastward.

Major river in Eastern Europe that played a strategic role in Russia's expansion.

Large, powerful empire centered in Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), significant for its military strength and cultural achievements.

Qing Dynasty ruler known for his long reign, extensive territorial expansion, and promotion of Confucian ideals.

Ottoman Sultan known as Suleiman the Magnificent, known for military successes and legal reforms.

The later years of Emperor Qianlong's rule in China, characterized by internal problems and stagnating progress despite previous expansion efforts.

The White Lotus Society rose again due to social and economic troubles, seeking rebellion against the Ming Dynasty as previously.

The Gunpowder Empires (Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal, and others) were unified by their use of gunpowder weaponry during conquests. They expanded their empires using new military technology.

Tamerlane, a powerful ruler, conquered vast territories in Persia, Central Asia, and parts of India.

The Ghazi ideal, promoting Muslim warriors, motivated the expansion and success of the Gunpowder Empires.

The Ottoman Empire was centered in Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), with a significant presence in the Balkans and parts of the Middle East.

Conquering Constantinople (now Istanbul) and making it the Ottoman capital provided strategic control over trade routes and a strong base for expansion.

The Safavid Empire stemmed from a Sufi religious order in Persia.

Arab traders played a significant role in the Mughal Empire's economy, facilitating the import and export of goods. This facilitated vital trade.

The Gunpowder Empires gradually declined due to internal conflicts, economic struggles, and a decline in military innovation.

Louis XIV's rule exemplified absolutism in France, concentrating power in the king's hands, thereby centralizing power.

Ivan IV, known as Ivan the Terrible, was both a brilliant and brutal ruler in Russia, leading to massive internal conflict.

The belief that a monarch's authority comes directly from God, justifying their rule.

A vast, historic marketplace in Istanbul, Turkey, known for its wide variety of goods and bustling atmosphere. It played a significant role in the Ottoman Empire's economy and cultural exchange.

The capital of the Ottoman Empire, a major center of trade, culture, and learning in the 15th and 16th centuries. It connected the East and West and facilitated the exchange of ideas and goods.

A lavish palace built by Louis XIV outside of Paris, France. It served as the center of French power and a way for Louis XIV to control nobles by keeping them occupied and dependent on him.

Rulers employed various methods to solidify their authority and establish legitimacy, including:

• Military strength: Demonstrating power through successful military campaigns and conquests.
• Religious authority: Claiming divine right to rule or aligning themselves with religious leaders and institutions.
• Cultural patronage: Supporting art, architecture, and literature to enhance their image and promote cultural unity.
• Bureaucratic systems: Establishing efficient systems of administration to control territories and collect taxes.

Individuals or groups who contracted with the Ottoman government to collect taxes in specific regions. They paid a fixed sum to the government and kept any surplus, which led to potential corruption and exploitation.

A German monk who sparked the Protestant Reformation by challenging Catholic doctrines such as indulgences and the authority of the Pope. His 95 Theses, nailed to the church door in Wittenberg, questioned the Church's practices and ignited a wave of religious reform.

Certificates sold by the Catholic Church that promised forgiveness of sins and a shorter stay in purgatory. They were seen as a corrupt practice by reformers like Martin Luther, who argued that salvation should be based on faith alone.

The buying and selling of church offices and positions. This practice was seen as corrupt and against church teachings, as it commodified spiritual authority and wealth.

A list of propositions written by Martin Luther that criticized the Catholic Church's practices, particularly the sale of indulgences. It was nailed to the door of the Wittenberg church in 1517, marking the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.

A French theologian and reformer who developed Calvinism, a major branch of Protestantism. He stressed predestination, the idea that God had already chosen those who would be saved, and encouraged a strict moral code and hard work.

According to John Calvin, the individuals chosen by God for salvation. They were predestined, meaning their fate was predetermined before birth. This concept influenced Calvinist thinking and behavior.

A major religious movement that began in Europe in the 16th century, challenging the authority of the Catholic Church and leading to the establishment of new Protestant denominations. It profoundly impacted European society, politics, and culture.

The branch of Christianity established in England by Henry VIII, who broke from the Catholic Church and declared himself head of the Church of England. It combined elements of Catholic and Protestant beliefs and practices.

A governing body of the Russian Orthodox Church established by Peter the Great to control the church and ensure its loyalty to the state. It served as the highest authority in the church and was subject to the Tsar’s authority.

The Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation, aimed at reaffirming Catholic doctrines and practices and stemming the tide of Protestant conversions. It involved reforms, missionary efforts, and the Inquisition.