Questions and Answers
What is the 4-bit IP version number for IPv6?
What is the bit sequence for the version number of IPv6?
0110
An 8-bit T______ C____ field is used to distinguish classes or priorities in IPv6 packets.
Traffic Class
The network node's IPv6 s______ i________ must provide a method for an u____-l____ protocol to offer a value to the traffic Class bits.
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What is the default value in the Traffic Class field?
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Nodes that support Traffic Class bits are allowed to c_____ the bit values if they are the s_____ or d__________ node.
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The first bit of the Traffic Class field indicates whether this traffic is d____ s________.
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If the first bit of the Traffic Class field is set to 1, what does this indicate?
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The P_________ field allows an application to differentiate traffic types based on their p________.
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The last _ bits of the Traffic Class field are r_______ at this time.
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What is a flow in the context of IPv6?
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The 20-bit F___ L____ field is used by the source node to request special handling of the packet by IPv6 routers.
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What is the value of the Flow Label for packets not part of any flow?
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Packet c__________ use the F___ L____, S_____ address and D__________ address fields to identify a packet's flow.
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The value of the Flow Label must change between source and destination.
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The 16-bit P______ L_____ field describes the size of the payload in o_____, including any e________ headers.
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What is the length when the Hop-by-Hop Options extension header possesses the jumbogram options?
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The 8-bit N___ H_____ field specifies the header type of the header immediately following the IPv6 header.
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The e_______ header contains within its own n___ header field the identifier for the following extension header.
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What is the Extension Header/Protocol Name for 'Hop-by-Hop Options extension header'?
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What is the Extension Header/Protocol Name for 'ICMPv4'?
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In IPv6, the extension header must be inserted between the __ header and any h_____-l____ protocol layers.
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How many extension headers does IPv6 currently support?
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The value in the 8-bit H__ L____ field d_________ by one each time it is forwarded by a network node.
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What is the maximum value of the Hop Limit field?
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The 128-bit address of the ____ of the packet is known as the Source Address Field.
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The 128-bit address of the ______ of the packet is known as the Destination Address Field.
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The Destination Address may not be the final recipient of the packet if a routing extension header is available.
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E________ h______ allow additional functionality to be implemented in an IPv6 packet.
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Study Notes
IPv6 Overview
- The 4-bit version number for IPv6 is always 6.
- The binary representation of the version number for IPv6 is 0110.
Traffic Class Field
- An 8-bit Traffic Class field classifies and prioritizes IPv6 packets for source hosts and routers.
- Default value for Traffic Class field is 0, allowing upper-layer protocols to specify different values.
- Nodes can modify Traffic Class values if they are the source or destination, or if they are forwarding the packet; otherwise, unsupported bits are ignored.
Packet Prioritization
- The first bit of the Traffic Class indicates if traffic is Delay Sensitive; a value of 1 denotes time-sensitive traffic.
- The Precedence field differentiates traffic types based on their priorities.
- The last 4 bits of the Traffic Class field are currently reserved for future use.
Flow Management
- A flow represents a set of packets requiring special handling by routers.
- The 20-bit Flow Label field requests special processing by IPv6 routers, beneficial for real-time applications.
- A Flow Label value of 0 indicates packets not part of any flow.
- Packet classifiers utilize the Flow Label alongside Source and Destination addresses to identify flows.
- The Flow Label must not change between source and destination nodes.
Payload and Header Information
- The 16-bit Payload Length field specifies the size of the payload in octets, including extension headers.
- The Payload Length is 0 when Hop-by-Hop Options extension header contains jumbogram options.
- The 8-bit Next Header field defines the type of header following the IPv6 header, covering extension headers and aligning with the IPv4 Protocol field.
Extension Header Functionality
- Each extension header includes a next header field identifying the following extension header, continuing until the final header that references the encapsulated higher-level protocol.
- The Hop-by-Hop Options extension header has a decimal and hexadecimal value of 0 and 00, respectively.
- The ICMPv4 extension header has a decimal value of 1 and hexadecimal value of 01.
Additional Header Requirements
- In IPv6, extension headers must be placed between the IP header and any higher-layer protocol layers.
- IPv6 currently supports 6 types of extension headers.
Hop Limit Management
- The 8-bit Hop Limit decrements by 1 at every forwarding instance and leads to packet discarding if it reaches 0.
- The maximum Hop Limit value is 255, representing the highest number of hops allowed for packets.
Addressing
- The Source Address Field consists of a 128-bit address denoting the packet source.
- The Destination Address Field consists of a 128-bit address indicating the packet's recipient.
- The Destination Address may not represent the final recipient if a routing extension header is used.
Enabling Features
- Extension headers in IPv6 facilitate additional functionalities in packet processing.
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Description
Test your knowledge of IPv6 concepts with this set of flashcards. Each card features key terms and definitions related to the IPv6 protocol. Perfect for those studying networking or preparing for exams in computer networking.
