Pathology: Bone

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Questions and Answers

Bone is dead and is unable to remodel itself

False (B)

Describe Wolff’s law

The ability of bone to change it’s shape and size to accommodate altered mechanical use

___________________ is the organic component of bone

Osteoid

What collagen type makes up 90% of the osteoid?

<p>Type 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the organic components to it’s function/involvment

<p>Osteocalcin = Vitamin K dependent; also involved in mineralization Growth factors = BMP, IGFs, TGF, FGF Osteonectin = Involved in mineralization Proteoglycans = Less abundant than in cartilage matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the mineral that has needle-like crystals upon histology?

<p>Hydroxyapatite</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins adsorb to type I collagen and bind calcium in bone?

<p>Osteonectin and osteocalcin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition results from a failure to mineralize bone?

<p>Rickets (osteomalacia) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long after deposition is osteoid normally mineralized?

<p>5-10 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of osteoblasts?

<p>Production of osteoid and initiation of mineralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are osteocytes?

<p>Osteoblasts that have become embedded in bone matrix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if osteoblasts fail to produce bone or if bone resorption occurs excessively?

<p>Osteopenia/osteoporosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do osteoclasts reside?

<p>Howship’s lacunae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates osteoclast activity to promote bone resorption?

<p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does calcitonin have on bone?

<p>Inhibits bone resorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) initiate bone resorption?

<p>Binding to osteoblast receptors, which signal osteoclast activation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones inhibits bone resorption?

<p>Estrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is essential for normal bone growth and mineralization but also stimulates bone resorption?

<p>1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do glucocorticoids affect bone?

<p>Inhibit bone formation and stimulate bone resorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which systemic hormones impact bone metabolism?

<p>Insulin, growth hormone, androgens, thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ossification is responsible for increasing bone width in adults?

<p>Intramembranous ossification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of intramembranous ossification?

<p>Bone forms directly from mesenchymal tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intramembranous ossification occurs primarily in which bones?

<p>Flat bones of the skull and periosteal surfaces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of ossification is responsible for increasing the length of bones in young individuals?

<p>Endochondral ossification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Endochondral ossification occurs in which part of the bone?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serves as the scaffold for endochondral ossification?

<p>Hyaline cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in endochondral ossification?

<p>Cartilage model → Primary ossification center in diaphysis → Secondary ossification center in epiphysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the secondary center of ossification fails to form, what condition may result?

<p>Dwarfism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Disruption of cartilage growth at the physes can result in which conditions?

<p>Rickets and osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the growth plate (physis) closes?

<p>Bone ceases to grow in length (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of early growth plate closure?

<p>Hypovitaminosis D (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from early growth plate closure?

<p>Crooked limbs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Capital of France (example flashcard)

Paris

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