Pathology: Bone

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Questions and Answers

Bone is dead and is unable to remodel itself

False (B)

Describe Wolff’s law

The ability of bone to change it’s shape and size to accommodate altered mechanical use

___________________ is the organic component of bone

Osteoid

What collagen type makes up 90% of the osteoid?

<p>Type 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the organic components to it’s function/involvment

<p>Osteocalcin = Vitamin K dependent; also involved in mineralization Growth factors = BMP, IGFs, TGF, FGF Osteonectin = Involved in mineralization Proteoglycans = Less abundant than in cartilage matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the mineral that has needle-like crystals upon histology?

<p>Hydroxyapatite</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins adsorb to type I collagen and bind calcium in bone?

<p>Osteonectin and osteocalcin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition results from a failure to mineralize bone?

<p>Rickets (osteomalacia) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long after deposition is osteoid normally mineralized?

<p>5-10 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of osteoblasts?

<p>Production of osteoid and initiation of mineralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are osteocytes?

<p>Osteoblasts that have become embedded in bone matrix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if osteoblasts fail to produce bone or if bone resorption occurs excessively?

<p>Osteopenia/osteoporosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do osteoclasts reside?

<p>Howship’s lacunae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates osteoclast activity to promote bone resorption?

<p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does calcitonin have on bone?

<p>Inhibits bone resorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) initiate bone resorption?

<p>Binding to osteoblast receptors, which signal osteoclast activation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones inhibits bone resorption?

<p>Estrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is essential for normal bone growth and mineralization but also stimulates bone resorption?

<p>1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do glucocorticoids affect bone?

<p>Inhibit bone formation and stimulate bone resorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which systemic hormones impact bone metabolism?

<p>Insulin, growth hormone, androgens, thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ossification is responsible for increasing bone width in adults?

<p>Intramembranous ossification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of intramembranous ossification?

<p>Bone forms directly from mesenchymal tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intramembranous ossification occurs primarily in which bones?

<p>Flat bones of the skull and periosteal surfaces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of ossification is responsible for increasing the length of bones in young individuals?

<p>Endochondral ossification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Endochondral ossification occurs in which part of the bone?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serves as the scaffold for endochondral ossification?

<p>Hyaline cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in endochondral ossification?

<p>Cartilage model → Primary ossification center in diaphysis → Secondary ossification center in epiphysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the secondary center of ossification fails to form, what condition may result?

<p>Dwarfism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Disruption of cartilage growth at the physes can result in which conditions?

<p>Rickets and osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the growth plate (physis) closes?

<p>Bone ceases to grow in length (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of early growth plate closure?

<p>Hypovitaminosis D (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from early growth plate closure?

<p>Crooked limbs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease?

<p>Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dog breeds are most commonly affected by Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease?

<p>West Highland Terriers and Yorkshire Terriers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease?

<p>Lack of vascular supply to the femoral head before cartilage closure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen as a result of the necrosis in Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease?

<p>The femoral head may spontaneously decapitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary cause of Osteochondrosis (OCD)?

<p>Disruption in physeal blood supply (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Osteochondrosis Dissecans (OCD) is most commonly found in which type of animal?

<p>Young, fast-growing male animals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in Osteochondrosis Dissecans (OCD)?

<p>Necrotic cartilage dislodges from subchondral bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Osteochondrosis is only found within the growth cartilage?

<p>Osteochondrosis latens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about Osteochondrosis manifesta?

<p>It involves the thickening of the zone of hypertrophy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which animal is most commonly affected by Osteochondrosis in the femur?

<p>Horses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The predilection site for OCD in horses is the medial trochlear ridge

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Osteochondrosis can also be in less desirable places, like the vertebrae. What condition can result from exostoses and soft tissue proliferation encroaching the spinal cord, causing neurological signs?

<p>Wobbler syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes Growth Arrest Lines in bone?

<p>Dense bands of horizontally oriented trabeculae due to periods of malnutrition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Growth Retardation Lattice is characterized by which of the following?

<p>Abnormal osteoclastic resorption leading to an elongated primary spongiosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can cause Growth Retardation Lattice?

<p>Canine distemper virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes woven bone?

<p>Weak, immature bone with a disorganized arrangement of collagen fibers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does lamellar bone differ from woven bone?

<p>Lamellar bone is strong, mature, and has collagen fibers arranged in layers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a pathologic fracture?

<p>A fracture occurring in a bone weakened by an underlying disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pathological factors may be secondary to systemic bone disease or localized lesions

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to define a closed fracture?

<p>Simple</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to define an open fracture?

<p>Compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible words used to describe the fracture line?

<p>Transverse, linear, oblique/nondisplaced, oblique/displaced, spiral, green stick and comminuted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Capital of France (example flashcard)

Paris

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