GS405: أساسيات الشبكات - ملاحظات دراسية

GS405: Network I - Study Notes

• Course: Network Fundamentals
• Instructor: Salwa Abdulnabie Ibrahim
• Year: 2023

Physical Data Transmission

• Cable: A medium for data transmission between devices in a network.
• Cable Types:
  • Coaxial Cable: Copper cable with a central wire surrounded by multiple layers of conductors and insulators.
    • Used for radio equipment, recording devices, and telecom.
    • Types: Thick (10 Base 5), Thin (10 Base 2)
    • Connector: BNC
    • Distance:
      • Thin 10 Base 2: 180m
      • Thick 10 Base 5: 500m
    • Disadvantages: Rigid, inflexible, difficult to expand, high cost.
  • Twisted Pair Cable (UTP): Pairs of twisted wires inside a plastic sheath.
    • Types:
      • Cat 5 (10 Mbps): Commonly used, 10 megabits per second data transfer.
      • Cat 5e (100 Mbps): Enhanced version for faster data transfer.
      • Cat 6 (1000 Mbps): Even faster data transfer.
    • Distance: 100 meters
    • Connector: RJ45
  • Fiber Optic Cable (Fiber Optics): Glass or plastic strands that carry data as light.
    • High speed, long distance (300,000 km/s), high bandwidth
    • Used in WAN networks (Wide Area Networks)
    • Less prone to interference.

Cable Connection Methods

• Straight-Through Cable: Connects devices with different functions (e.g., PC to switch).
  • Color codes: EIA/TIA 568B
• Crossover Cable: Connects similar devices (e.g., PC to PC).
  • Color codes: One end EIA/TIA 568B, the other is reversed EIA/TIA 568A.
• Roll-over Cable: Used to connect a PC to a router's console port (for configuration)
  • One end EIA/TIA 568B; the other end is reversed.

Connectors

• RJ11: Primarily used for telephone lines.
• RJ45: Commonly used in Ethernet networks, connects cable and networking devices like switches, hubs, and routers.

Other Important Details

• EIA/TIA Standards: Standards for cable color codes (568A, 568B).
• Data transfer speeds: Measured as bits per second (bps).
• Distance limitations: Vary depending on the cable type.
• Network devices(SW-Hub-Router): Explaining how to connect devices on a network using these cables, including the functions of the different parts of the plugs for the input and output of the signals