GS405: أساسيات الشبكات - ملاحظات دراسية

Study Notes

Cable: A medium for data transmission between devices in a network.
Cable Types:
- Coaxial Cable: Copper cable with a central wire surrounded by multiple layers of conductors and insulators.
  - Used for radio equipment, recording devices, and telecom.
  - Types: Thick (10 Base 5), Thin (10 Base 2)
  - Connector: BNC
  - Distance:
    - Thin 10 Base 2: 180m
    - Thick 10 Base 5: 500m
  - Disadvantages: Rigid, inflexible, difficult to expand, high cost.
- Twisted Pair Cable (UTP): Pairs of twisted wires inside a plastic sheath.
  - Types:
    - Cat 5 (10 Mbps): Commonly used, 10 megabits per second data transfer.
    - Cat 5e (100 Mbps): Enhanced version for faster data transfer.
    - Cat 6 (1000 Mbps): Even faster data transfer.
  - Distance: 100 meters
  - Connector: RJ45
- Fiber Optic Cable (Fiber Optics): Glass or plastic strands that carry data as light.
  - High speed, long distance (300,000 km/s), high bandwidth
  - Used in WAN networks (Wide Area Networks)
  - Less prone to interference.

Straight-Through Cable: Connects devices with different functions (e.g., PC to switch).
- Color codes: EIA/TIA 568B
Crossover Cable: Connects similar devices (e.g., PC to PC).
- Color codes: One end EIA/TIA 568B, the other is reversed EIA/TIA 568A.
Roll-over Cable: Used to connect a PC to a router's console port (for configuration)
- One end EIA/TIA 568B; the other end is reversed.

RJ11: Primarily used for telephone lines.
RJ45: Commonly used in Ethernet networks, connects cable and networking devices like switches, hubs, and routers.

EIA/TIA Standards: Standards for cable color codes (568A, 568B).
Data transfer speeds: Measured as bits per second (bps).
Distance limitations: Vary depending on the cable type.
Network devices(SW-Hub-Router): Explaining how to connect devices on a network using these cables, including the functions of the different parts of the plugs for the input and output of the signals