Grundlagen des Game Designs und der Programmierung

• Game Design und Game Programmierung sind grundlegende Aspekte der Spieleentwicklung.
• Es gibt Kriterien für ein gutes Spiel.
• Es sollte eine Historie bekannter Milestone-Games geben.

Kategorisierung und Klassifikation von Spielen

• Spiele können kategorisiert und klassifiziert werden.
• Dabei wird untersucht was ein gegebenen Spieletyp festlegt, beispielsweise durch:
  • Kategorisierung und Kategorien.
  • Klassifizierung von Game Arten.
  • Perspektive.
  • Plattform.
  • Anzahl Dimensionen.
  • Ludologie (Spieltheorie).

Warum Spielen Wir?

• Es stellt sich die Frage, womit sich Spiele auseinandersetzen, um Spieler zu fesseln.
• Dazu gehören vor allem "Mechanics" und "Dynamics".

Game Design Research

• "Game Design Research", Design-Forschung im Bereich Spiele betrachtet:
• formale Elemente
• Pattern in "Game Design Documents"
• das Konzept des "Flow" (Flow-Zyklus)
• Aspekte von "Fun"
• "Interesting" und "Meaningful Choices" (bedeutungsvolle/sinnvolle Entscheidungen)
• den Zusammenhang von "Node" und "Meaningful" bzw. "Wise Choice"
• "Chain of Consequences" (Ketten von Konsequenzen)

Game Production

• Hierbei werden die verschiedenen Produktionsphasen erklärt
• Phasen unter Post Production und Pre Production
• Die Zeit die in en einzelnen Phasen aufgewendet werden
• Es werden verschiedene Arten von Publishern unterschieden
  • In House Production
  • Verteilung der Publisher Anteile

Teamrollen und Hierarchien

• Es werden verschiedene Teamrollen innerhalb der Spieleentwicklung betrachtet und deren Hierarchien

Game Programing

• Das Konzept von Artdriven gegenüber Storydriven wird als "Golden Rule" erklärt

Developer Worksheet

• Die Developer Worksheet bietet eine Vorlage für Entwickler.

Level Design

• Es wird erklärt was bei der Vermieden werden sollte

Modellierung und Animation

• Es werden verschiedene Arten des Modellieren und Animierens erklärt
  • Polynomial
  • Perematric
  • Non Modellierung
  • Implicit

Beleuchtung

• Es werden unterschiede und Funktionsweisen von Beleuchtung im Bezug auf HDR erklärt

Cinematic-Forward Storytelling

• Dramatischer Zyklus ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil des Cinematic-Forward Storytellings.

AI

• Es wird die Funktions weiße von AI erklärt sowie
  • Elopping
  • A * Suche etc

Elemente des Game Designs

• Regeln des Spiels müssen festgesetzt werden
• Struktur Elemente eines Spiel müssen definiert werden
• Es muss definiert werden was ein Player ist, was Resourcen sind & Boundarys und Konflikte

Was ist Game Entwicklung?

• Es wird die Anatomie das Profil eines Game Entwicklers erklärt
  • Imagination
    • Technisches Verständnis
    • Analytische Kompetenz
    • Mathematische Kompetenz
    • Aesthetische Kompetenz
    • General Wissen
    • Schreib Fähigkeiten
    • Kompromiss Bereitschaft
    • Leidenschaft

PONG/BREAKOUT

• "Ball"-Spiele sind Simpel
• Leicht zu Programmieren
• Sind "Good Seller"

ZORK

• Einer der Smash Hits in dem Text Adventure Eara
• Great Story
• Veröffentlicht im November 1980

Classifcation Schmees for Games

Klassifizierung von Spielen kann mit den folgenden Schlagwörtern fest gemacht werden:

• Dimension
• Perspektive
• Plattform

• Players

• Year of Release

Dimensionen Im Game Design

• 1 D Text basiert z.B. "Zork 1"
• 2 D Arcade classic z.B. Pacman oder Donky Kong
• 2 1/2 D Cartton Techniken
• 3 D Revolutionäre 3 D z.B. Grafik Quake
• 4 D Meist genutzt Time

Kriterien Dimensionen

• Deskriptiv
• Eindeutig
• Vollständig
• Nicht übertragbar (Non Overlapping)

Perspektiven

• zentral Perspektiven
• Drei Perspektiven
• Paralell Perspektiven

Kriterien Perspective

• Deskriptiv
• Eindeutig
• Vollständig
• Nicht übertragbar (Non Overlapping)

# Players

• Online Games am Beispiel von World of Warcraft
• Most Successful MMORPG
• 11,5 Million aktive Subscriber
• 1 Month - $ 14,99

# Players am Beispiel von Online Games

• Mehr als 140 Million aktiv Players
• 3 Billion $ Umsatz lifetime
• 318 Million $ Umsatz in 2021
• 102.6 Million $ Mobile Revenue
• 600 Million Kopien seit 2011
• average Player 24 years old Male

# Players Kriterien

• Deskriptiv
• N/A
• Vollständig
• Nicht übertragbar (Non Overlapping)

Year Of Release

-Classify games according to their date of release -Kriterien

• Deskriptiv
• Eindeutig
• Vollständig -Nicht übertragbar (Non Overlapping)

Classification By Genre AM Beispiel von (Rollings and Morris ~2003)

• Lots or frantic button pushing
• the Story matters
• Non trivial choices
• Optimization Excercises
• Hard analytical thinking
• Sorware you Just have fun With
• Learning by doing

Multidimensional Categoization # 1

• Aarseth, smedstad, sunnanà
• Classification Attributes -Space -Time -Player structure -Control -Rules

Multidimensional Categoization # 2

• Rabin, intruduction to game development
• Perspective, Typography, environment
• (D=Dynamic envoronment. S=Static environment)

Ludology Definiert

• Ludology is an academic attitude to games and requires a generic approach
• Ludogical efforts aim to understand better -What games are
• How they work
• Why people Play them
• How zu design more diverse and better games
• Market research technology development
• Backgound reasearch are often too zu be regarded as representatives of ludology

Design Research

-Key areas in terms of luodology

• Research into games that build prostortypes as its results
• Research for games design the
• The most fruitful area to cover in more Detaill

Ludological Tools & Methods

-MDA -MDA is a formal approach to understanding games which attempts zu bridge the gap between games design and development game criticism and tecnical game research

• MDA frame work main components
• Mechanics describe the Parts or a game at the level at data representation and algorithms
• Dynamics describe the run-time behavior of the Game
• Aesthetics describe desirable emotion all responses evoked in the Player during Gameplay

MDA Framework - Asthetics

-The Asthetics can be broken Up in zu more distinct components aka Eight Forms of Fun

• Sensation: game as sensory pleasure
• Fantasty: game as make-believe
• Narative: game as drame
• Challenge: game as obstacle course
• Fellowship: game as Social framework
• Discovery: game as uncharted terrotory
• Expression: game as selsf-discovery
• Submission: game as passtime MDA’s gual is Zu provide A frane work zu Span between gamedesign, development, gamecriticm and Research

Ludological Tools & Methods Game Design

• Workshop, Game Design, Pattern
• IdentifesEightbasicformalellement
• Plavers
• Obiective Procedures’
• Rules
• Resourcen
• Conflict
• Boundaries
• Outcomes Idea: Use the formal elements zu describe the current design and make surethat all aspect or A Game Design are takken in zu Consideration

GAME DESIGN PATTERNS

~ Typicalls, reoccurring level elements

• Physical Elements
  • Walls
  • Blockade
  • Junck
  • Keus
  • Treps
• NPC -NPC’s -Enemy
• Physical Areas
  • Arena
  • Map
  • Linear
  • PathPuzzle

What is Fun?

• Education = Entertainment -Life is all either work, rest, or fun
• Fun in about Practicing or learlnig sew survival skill in a relatively sate Setting

Naturall Funativity Theory

• Basis Content in that all then derived from Practicing Survival and Social Skills -Human brainwired enjoy learning Skill -Encephaline Ndophios
• Multi Players Movivation zu top Sameone else

Three Ovelapping categories

1. Physical 2.Socia 3.Mental

Natural Funativity Theory Multipurpose fun

Many fun activities have physical social and mental aspects in Combination

• Games That mix these Aspeck tend to be wery Popular
• Incorporatewouszu practicethese Skills zu increase the Popularity ar Game

Nautrul Funativity Theorie

-De Constructing fun

• fun ativity playing
• Halo Playing the sims Playing
• Playing Grandtheeft

PhysicalAspest

-Masteringwouse and kevbeard Practicing

• Movements’ masterings controlls button Handve
• Coordinationmasterings inter Face leamingmost efficient placenent or fumuture provide Pathwags leaning Zu wove light drive and Navigating the world

SocialAspects

-Cuperativehuniing -Plouingin teansorAgairsiother Plavers’ iscussing game -Follwing Sory

• Playiag
• Withoragainst -Humansdissussing
• Qvalinyorshaningsonesalun
• Platung With Other ReadingtipandHintsonlinc dealingwithganccharacters isussing TacticstupWithtriends

MontolAspects

-Jevelopringractiesapplyingstrategiesadaptingototries -Choosing weapon Tacties tuscue against iffeferent ennemies chaasingwus efficient skill Action zu grow Family or meef Player-set goals choasing and Ploumings Strategies selecting routes

• A scries or chokes in Pursuit or a...goal

• With sinnciteand the stn Plavers wavbring them

• Owngnals What about Player Detemined Obiective

  Clear and Complling Coal

• A seriers orchokes in Pursuit or a. Goal clear coatisbecause it is notaun zu tloumderaimlesgly

• Avoid the Protagonist With amnesiacliche compelling coal saare goals that follow the concepts in Natunal Lunavity Survivalis alwawsacimpellingooall

A series of Chuices

-Now chaice meaningless chaice obviouslyfoldbackintosamapathy

• Players Discoverthis Guich
• Kül aff Playler with aus wrong chuice betterbut fustraling convexity" Starts With a Single chaice widens zu many choices Returns zu asina
• Chaoice
• Fractalls Truce laree seals Structure Repeated un rediuun Smaller Scaloslike A caoastline ln the case or Convetti’ each circles 15 now A Single Chuice but a Comvextity exampleageat Empire" rake A defensive stame createtquad zu defend let than keallact resources zu build A legionnaire
• etc
• Many Small tasks conveitties
• chain or Cmveniti es
• wery Common for games
• Poitnsor linitedthaceat afternace with Pont sor man choasb

A series or convexity

-many Overlapping Convexities in areatganes Player can bc startungoneTask orarca in the middleatanoshe and at the end or anherd all Simulta

Slow

• the concept of slow flow describes and Atempts Zu explain A state or minds Lelling or Happiness Euphorio High Concentraton Completc Absorptione An activity time Hies Flow accurs when there is direct can tral or A Complexfasi roving event bet ween excessive demand Andietufkient demand -Too Herd (fruthathm.
• 1 leal Came giffsults rionession
• Too Ensp
• Increasingskill Variencreasein difficulty

Flow Typical Game

• High difficulty increase:
• boss monsters
• climatic battles
• quest resolutions
• Low difficulty increase:
• bonus levels
• now resource- and treasure-rich areas
• serries or easy "minion" enemies
• Overlap introduction of naw Skills
• Areaszu explore Tools enemies

The choies and flow

-Stom and (hanseter

• Backzuachieving interesting chokes and compelling goals
• Ston and haraeter canadd enotion ala ssuabtin Strengthen reaction
• Stanytelling has long history but the interactive storytelling can differ critically from traditional linear wades Interactive slom telling'
• Blind Ston tellingWith Design early
• Uscemernencedinleractivewriten Do dont Show Let Piavens

Game Production

• Production Cycle Succssive Phases the retentive Process repentitivley Postproduction re Producton fersi Plavatale Preductlon Prototype testing are game Procluctien Prouluttion Phases pre Production Productten testing Port Producten

Goal create a gave Planss Pre Production

Pre Production game Concept game requirements create game Designs document components or pre Proudation initiale aneept uatvally def ined bu ine studio managenment er Publishen

• Then elaboratert by inc eare Development

• ream Missions statements Whatwillbedone (Now yet Hav itwilltedone)

• For whow: basicGameplaylementswuchanlcs 150 resion, Ston Character salrent features Paper Prototupes

• Later Plavatalc PrototypeRisk andasismnimisuriks rind con stantsleg Ream siue

• Technalaw Piattorn: tirst pitch elevator pitchi tostudio

• Management Publisheri the game

• Basie Art Designaudengineeringreaturesandproiectcanstraints Basitechnically audesigndocumentation

• Developmentbyalteannsember)eatues must-fit Within TheGamecenceptaudniissianstatedinent

• Definecareatures nusthavewanttu havedef ine milstonesMentlymilstone 15 firstPlavable Alpha Beta Milstone-

• clear Definition of deliverableslechnology analyses required leas and Protluttion

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Testing

• Componentsat terting
• Plan Validation
• Cada release l
• Testng
• Plan vaildation

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• Oout A Postmarten Examination Post Marten- evieuc at Pros and Cans

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