Growth Hormone (GH) Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of growth hormone (GH) in humans and other animals?

Stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration (correct)

Promotes muscle breakdown

Inhibits insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) production

Regulates blood sugar levels only

Where is growth hormone (GH) synthesized, stored, and secreted in the body?

In the lateral wings of the anterior pituitary gland (correct)

By the thyroid gland

By the adrenal glands

In the pancreas

What is the recombinant form of HGH called when used as a prescription drug?

Somatotropin

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)

Somatropin (INN) (correct)

Insulin

Which statement about the use of growth hormone (HGH) in the elderly is true?

The efficacy and safety of this use for HGH has not been tested in a clinical trial Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of growth hormone (HGH) as an anabolic agent?

Promotes tissue building and muscle growth Signup and view all the answers

Why has growth hormone (HGH) been banned by the IOC and NCAA in sports?

It provides unfair advantage due to its anabolic effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular weight of human growth hormone (GH)?

22,124 daltons Signup and view all the answers

Where are the genes for human growth hormone localized?

Chromosome 17q22-24 Signup and view all the answers

How is growth hormone secretion regulated by the hypothalamus?

Through the release of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most predictable peak time for growth hormone secretion?

About an hour after onset of sleep Signup and view all the answers

What are some factors that affect growth hormone secretion?

Age, sex, and diet Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones stimulate growth hormone secretion?

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and ghrelin Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of plasma concentrations for growth hormone during peaks?

$35-45 ng/mL$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the only FDA-approved use of growth hormone for livestock in the US?

Increasing milk production in dairy cows Signup and view all the answers

Which animals' growth hormones have significant effects on the human growth hormone receptor?

Only human and Old World monkey growth hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviated form for growth hormone produced through recombinant DNA technology?

rhGH Signup and view all the answers

What is the controversial use of growth hormone in sports?

Aiding performance enhancement Signup and view all the answers

What are the physiological stimulators of growth hormone secretion?

Exercise and nutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is the most widely known effect of growth hormone during childhood?

Height increase Signup and view all the answers

How does growth hormone affect the growth of bones?

Promotes bone growth through increasing IGF-1 production Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone has growth-stimulating effects on a wide variety of tissues and is a major target organ of GH?

IGF-1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of IGF-1 production in the body?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the most notable effect of GH on muscle mass?

Stimulation of sarcomere hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

What effect does GH have on the liver's glucose uptake?

Reduces liver uptake of glucose Signup and view all the answers

Which signaling pathway is activated by growth hormone to stimulate division and multiplication of chondrocytes in cartilage?

MAPK/ERK pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which GH exerts some of its effects on target cells?

Binding to receptors on target cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common disease of GH excess?

Pituitary tumor composed of somatotroph cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the biological half-life of growth hormone?

10 to 20 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Traditional urine analysis does not detect doping with Human Growth Hormone (hGH), leading to a ban on its use in sports starting in the early 2000s.
Human growth hormone (GH) is a protein of 191 amino acids and a molecular weight of 22,124 daltons.
Genes for human growth hormone are localized in the q22-24 region of chromosome 17.
Growth hormone is secreted from the pituitary gland and regulated by the hypothalamus through the release of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH).
Secretion of GH is pulsatile, with the largest and most predictable peak occurring about an hour after onset of sleep.
Growth hormone secretion is affected by various physiological stimulators and inhibitors, including exercise, nutrition, stress, and hormones.
Factors that affect growth hormone secretion include age, sex, and diet. Young adolescents secrete more GH than adults, and sleep deprivation suppresses GH release.
Growth hormone secretion is stimulated by peptide hormones (GHRH and ghrelin), sex hormones, and certain medications.
Controversial uses of growth hormone include performance enhancement in sports and raising livestock efficiency in industrial agriculture. The only FDA-approved use of growth hormone for livestock in the US is for increasing milk production in dairy cows.
Growth hormone is structurally similar to prolactin and chorionic somatomammotropin, but only human and Old World monkey growth hormones have significant effects on the human growth hormone receptor.
Several molecular isoforms of growth hormone exist, including a variant of approximately 20 kDa and a recently reported variant of ~ 23-24 kDa in post-exercise states.
Growth hormone is released in a pulsatile manner, with plasma concentrations ranging from 5 to 45 ng/mL during peaks, and less than 5 ng/mL between peaks.
Growth hormone is produced naturally in animals and extracted from carcasses, and is also synthesized through recombinant DNA technology.
Growth hormone extracted from human cadavers is abbreviated hGH, while growth hormone produced through recombinant DNA technology is abbreviated rhGH.
Growth hormone has been incorrectly referred to as anabolic sex hormones in the European beef hormone controversy.
The use of growth hormone for livestock production has been controversial due to its potential health risks and ethical concerns.

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Description

Test your knowledge about growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin, its functions in stimulating growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration, as well as its role in human development and the production of Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Learn more about its influence on glucose, free fatty acids, and its characteristics.