Groups on the Periodic Table Flashcards

Study Notes

Hydrogen

Unique element not part of any group on the periodic table
Has 1 valence electron, making it very reactive
Exists as a gas at room temperature, colorless and odorless

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements with 1 valence electron
Characterized by a silver color and low density
Extremely reactive, especially with Group 17, forming a +1 charge

Alkali Earth Metals

Group 2, featuring 2 valence electrons
Highly reactive and good conductors of electricity
Typically bond with Group 16 elements to achieve a +2 charge

Transition Metals

Comprise Groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table
Conductivity increases from left to right, while reactivity tends to decrease
Includes the Lanthanide and Actinide series with varying valence electrons

Boron Group

Group 13, named after its top element, boron
Consists of one metalloid and the remainder as metals
Contains 3 valence electrons

Carbon Group

Group 14, named after carbon, the top element
Contains 4 valence electrons, one non-metal, two metalloids, and remaining metals

Nitrogen Group

Group 15, named after nitrogen, containing 5 valence electrons
Consists of two non-metals, two metalloids, and one metal

Oxygen Group

Group 16, named after oxygen, featuring 6 valence electrons
Composed of three non-metals, one metalloid, and one metal

Halogens

Group 17 elements having 7 valence electrons, all of which are non-metals
Poor conductors of heat and electricity, highly reactive
Tend to bond with Group 1 to form a -1 charge

Noble Gases

Group 18 elements that are inert and not reactive
Characterized by a full valence shell, resulting in no bonding with other elements

Metals

Majority of elements fall into this class, found on the left side of the periodic table
Features include being shiny, good conductors, malleable, and ductile
Most are solid at room temperature, except mercury, which is liquid

Nonmetals

Located on the right side of the periodic table, they lack malleability and ductility
Poor conductors of heat and electricity; about half are gases at room temperature

Metalloids

Positioned along a zigzag line, exhibiting properties of both metals and nonmetals
Comprises 8 elements in total with mixed characteristics

Isotope

Variants of an element differing in neutron count
Leads to atoms of the same element possessing different atomic masses

Cation

A positively charged element formed when there are fewer electrons than protons

Anion

A negatively charged element created when there are more electrons than protons

Description

Explore the various groups within the periodic table with these flashcards. Each card defines key elements and their properties, such as valence electrons and reactivity. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of chemistry.

Groups on the Periodic Table Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is Hydrogen?

What properties define Alkali metals?

What are the key characteristics of Alkali earth metals?

What defines Transition metals?

What is the Boron group?

Characteristics of the Carbon group?

What defines the Nitrogen group?

What properties does the Oxygen group possess?

What defines Halogens?

What are the characteristics of Noble gases?

What does the class of Metals include?

What defines Nonmetals?

What characteristics define Metalloids?

What is an Isotope?

What is a cation?

What is an anion?