Group Influence on Behavior
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of a group?

  • Three or more people who have minimal interaction
  • Two or more people who have some degree of interdependence and co-exist within a social structure (correct)
  • Two or more people who have no interdependence
  • Three or more people who have no interaction

    • What is the impact of interconnectedness and shared outcomes in a group?

  • Increases social loafing
  • Can influence behavior and performance (correct)
  • Decreases social facilitation
  • No impact on behavior

    • What is the theory behind social facilitation according to Zajonc?

  • Mere presence of others increases physiological arousal which enhances our dominant response on a task (correct)
  • Mere presence of others leads to distraction
  • Mere presence of others decreases physiological arousal
  • Mere presence of others has no impact on performance

    • What is the cause of social facilitation according to evaluation apprehension?

    <p>Our concern about being evaluated by others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor influences social loafing related to individual outputs?

    <p>Belief that own contribution will be recognized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the collective effort model, when are individuals motivated to exert effort in group tasks?

    <p>When they believe their distinct efforts are identifiable and will lead to positive outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor influences social loafing related to contributions' impact?

    <p>Belief that own efforts are not necessary for group success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation do individuals tend to socially compensate in a group setting?

    <p>When they believe their own outputs will be evaluated and compared to others'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does group cohesion contribute to?

    <p>Better performance in highly cohesive groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tasks require high levels of interaction and interdependence between group members?

    <p>Tasks with high levels of interaction and interdependence between group members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a situation in which what is best for the individual is in conflict with what is best for another individual or group?

    <p>Social dilemma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of social dilemma occurs when a resource can be reduced or eliminated by overuse?

    <p>Common resource dilemmas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the decision-making style of groupthink?

    <p>Excessive tendency to seek concurrence, consensus, and unanimity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the initial tendencies of group members becoming more extreme following group discussion?

    <p>Group polarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do transactional leaders do to influence group members?

    <p>Reward desirable behaviors and act once mistakes occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes transformational leaders from transactional leaders?

    <p>Foster trust among group members and build identification with higher-level goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a prisoner's dilemma, what is the best outcome for each person?

    <p>To compete while their partner cooperates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one solution to social dilemmas mentioned in the text?

    <p>Engage in open communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does culture have on social loafing?

    <p>Individuals may be particularly motivated to have their group seem competent in collectivistic cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of leadership model emphasizes specific personality traits as indicators of effective leadership?

    <p>Trait or 'Great Person' model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group-produced reduction in individual output on easy tasks where contributions are pooled?

    <p>Social loafing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor influences social loafing related to contributions' impact?

    <p>Whether we believe our own contribution will be recognized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theory behind social facilitation according to Zajonc?

    <p>Mere presence of others increases physiological arousal which enhances dominant response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does group cohesion contribute to?

    <p>Morale, team spirit, and solidarity of group members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the collective effort model, when are individuals motivated to exert effort in group tasks?

    <p>When they believe their distinct efforts are identifiable and will experience positive outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tasks require high levels of interaction and interdependence between group members?

    <p>Tasks that require high levels of interaction and interdependence between group members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the decision-making style of groupthink?

    <p>Members tend to seek unanimous agreement despite contrary viewpoints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do transactional leaders do to influence group members?

    <p>They focus on clarifying roles and tasks for followers in exchange for rewards or punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the initial tendencies of group members becoming more extreme following group discussion?

    <p>Group polarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a prisoner's dilemma, what is the best outcome for each person?

    <p>To defect while the other person cooperates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of leadership model emphasizes specific personality traits as indicators of effective leadership?

    <p>Transformational leadership model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency of group members to make riskier decisions following group discussion?

    <p>Risky shift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the decision-making style of groupthink?

    <p>Overestimation of group morality and invulnerability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes transformational leaders from transactional leaders?

    <p>Foster trust and excitement about higher-level group goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of social dilemma occurs when a public good needs to be sustained over time?

    <p>Public goods dilemmas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes common resource dilemmas?

    <p>Resource depletion due to overuse by individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best outcome in a prisoner's dilemma?

    <p>Cooperate while partner competes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does priming different cultures influence in social dilemmas?

    <p>Willingness to cooperate with a friend in a social dilemma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of interconnectedness and shared outcomes in a group?

    <p>Creates more intrinsic motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for individuals being particularly motivated to have their group seem competent in collectivistic cultures?

    <p>Social loafing dilemma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of leadership model emphasizes specific personality traits as indicators of effective leadership?

    <p>Trait or “Great Person” Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the tit-for-tat strategy involve in social dilemmas?

    <p>Responding with the same action as your partner on each interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

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