Group Influence on Behavior

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of a group?

  • Three or more people who have minimal interaction
  • Two or more people who have some degree of interdependence and co-exist within a social structure (correct)
  • Two or more people who have no interdependence
  • Three or more people who have no interaction

What is the impact of interconnectedness and shared outcomes in a group?

  • Increases social loafing
  • Can influence behavior and performance (correct)
  • Decreases social facilitation
  • No impact on behavior

What is the theory behind social facilitation according to Zajonc?

  • Mere presence of others increases physiological arousal which enhances our dominant response on a task (correct)
  • Mere presence of others leads to distraction
  • Mere presence of others decreases physiological arousal
  • Mere presence of others has no impact on performance

What is the cause of social facilitation according to evaluation apprehension?

<p>Our concern about being evaluated by others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor influences social loafing related to individual outputs?

<p>Belief that own contribution will be recognized (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the collective effort model, when are individuals motivated to exert effort in group tasks?

<p>When they believe their distinct efforts are identifiable and will lead to positive outcomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor influences social loafing related to contributions' impact?

<p>Belief that own efforts are not necessary for group success (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation do individuals tend to socially compensate in a group setting?

<p>When they believe their own outputs will be evaluated and compared to others' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does group cohesion contribute to?

<p>Better performance in highly cohesive groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tasks require high levels of interaction and interdependence between group members?

<p>Tasks with high levels of interaction and interdependence between group members (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a situation in which what is best for the individual is in conflict with what is best for another individual or group?

<p>Social dilemma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of social dilemma occurs when a resource can be reduced or eliminated by overuse?

<p>Common resource dilemmas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the decision-making style of groupthink?

<p>Excessive tendency to seek concurrence, consensus, and unanimity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the initial tendencies of group members becoming more extreme following group discussion?

<p>Group polarization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do transactional leaders do to influence group members?

<p>Reward desirable behaviors and act once mistakes occur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes transformational leaders from transactional leaders?

<p>Foster trust among group members and build identification with higher-level goals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a prisoner's dilemma, what is the best outcome for each person?

<p>To compete while their partner cooperates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one solution to social dilemmas mentioned in the text?

<p>Engage in open communication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does culture have on social loafing?

<p>Individuals may be particularly motivated to have their group seem competent in collectivistic cultures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of leadership model emphasizes specific personality traits as indicators of effective leadership?

<p>Trait or 'Great Person' model (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a group-produced reduction in individual output on easy tasks where contributions are pooled?

<p>Social loafing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor influences social loafing related to contributions' impact?

<p>Whether we believe our own contribution will be recognized (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory behind social facilitation according to Zajonc?

<p>Mere presence of others increases physiological arousal which enhances dominant response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does group cohesion contribute to?

<p>Morale, team spirit, and solidarity of group members (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the collective effort model, when are individuals motivated to exert effort in group tasks?

<p>When they believe their distinct efforts are identifiable and will experience positive outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tasks require high levels of interaction and interdependence between group members?

<p>Tasks that require high levels of interaction and interdependence between group members (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the decision-making style of groupthink?

<p>Members tend to seek unanimous agreement despite contrary viewpoints (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do transactional leaders do to influence group members?

<p>They focus on clarifying roles and tasks for followers in exchange for rewards or punishment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the initial tendencies of group members becoming more extreme following group discussion?

<p>Group polarization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a prisoner's dilemma, what is the best outcome for each person?

<p>To defect while the other person cooperates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of leadership model emphasizes specific personality traits as indicators of effective leadership?

<p>Transformational leadership model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tendency of group members to make riskier decisions following group discussion?

<p>Risky shift (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the decision-making style of groupthink?

<p>Overestimation of group morality and invulnerability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes transformational leaders from transactional leaders?

<p>Foster trust and excitement about higher-level group goals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of social dilemma occurs when a public good needs to be sustained over time?

<p>Public goods dilemmas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes common resource dilemmas?

<p>Resource depletion due to overuse by individuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best outcome in a prisoner's dilemma?

<p>Cooperate while partner competes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does priming different cultures influence in social dilemmas?

<p>Willingness to cooperate with a friend in a social dilemma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of interconnectedness and shared outcomes in a group?

<p>Creates more intrinsic motivation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for individuals being particularly motivated to have their group seem competent in collectivistic cultures?

<p>Social loafing dilemma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of leadership model emphasizes specific personality traits as indicators of effective leadership?

<p>Trait or “Great Person” Model (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the tit-for-tat strategy involve in social dilemmas?

<p>Responding with the same action as your partner on each interaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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