42 Questions
What is the definition of a group?
Two or more people who have some degree of interdependence and co-exist within a social structure
What is the impact of interconnectedness and shared outcomes in a group?
Can influence behavior and performance
What is the theory behind social facilitation according to Zajonc?
Mere presence of others increases physiological arousal which enhances our dominant response on a task
What is the cause of social facilitation according to evaluation apprehension?
Our concern about being evaluated by others
What factor influences social loafing related to individual outputs?
Belief that own contribution will be recognized
According to the collective effort model, when are individuals motivated to exert effort in group tasks?
When they believe their distinct efforts are identifiable and will lead to positive outcomes
What factor influences social loafing related to contributions' impact?
Belief that own efforts are not necessary for group success
In what situation do individuals tend to socially compensate in a group setting?
When they believe their own outputs will be evaluated and compared to others'
What does group cohesion contribute to?
Better performance in highly cohesive groups
What type of tasks require high levels of interaction and interdependence between group members?
Tasks with high levels of interaction and interdependence between group members
What is the term for a situation in which what is best for the individual is in conflict with what is best for another individual or group?
Social dilemma
Which type of social dilemma occurs when a resource can be reduced or eliminated by overuse?
Common resource dilemmas
What characterizes the decision-making style of groupthink?
Excessive tendency to seek concurrence, consensus, and unanimity
What is the term for the initial tendencies of group members becoming more extreme following group discussion?
Group polarization
What do transactional leaders do to influence group members?
Reward desirable behaviors and act once mistakes occur
What distinguishes transformational leaders from transactional leaders?
Foster trust among group members and build identification with higher-level goals
In a prisoner's dilemma, what is the best outcome for each person?
To compete while their partner cooperates
What is one solution to social dilemmas mentioned in the text?
Engage in open communication
What impact does culture have on social loafing?
Individuals may be particularly motivated to have their group seem competent in collectivistic cultures.
What type of leadership model emphasizes specific personality traits as indicators of effective leadership?
Trait or 'Great Person' model
What is the term for a group-produced reduction in individual output on easy tasks where contributions are pooled?
Social loafing
What factor influences social loafing related to contributions' impact?
Whether we believe our own contribution will be recognized
What is the theory behind social facilitation according to Zajonc?
Mere presence of others increases physiological arousal which enhances dominant response
What does group cohesion contribute to?
Morale, team spirit, and solidarity of group members
According to the collective effort model, when are individuals motivated to exert effort in group tasks?
When they believe their distinct efforts are identifiable and will experience positive outcomes
What type of tasks require high levels of interaction and interdependence between group members?
Tasks that require high levels of interaction and interdependence between group members
What characterizes the decision-making style of groupthink?
Members tend to seek unanimous agreement despite contrary viewpoints
What do transactional leaders do to influence group members?
They focus on clarifying roles and tasks for followers in exchange for rewards or punishment
What is the term for the initial tendencies of group members becoming more extreme following group discussion?
Group polarization
In a prisoner's dilemma, what is the best outcome for each person?
To defect while the other person cooperates
What type of leadership model emphasizes specific personality traits as indicators of effective leadership?
Transformational leadership model
What is the term for the tendency of group members to make riskier decisions following group discussion?
Risky shift
What characterizes the decision-making style of groupthink?
Overestimation of group morality and invulnerability
What distinguishes transformational leaders from transactional leaders?
Foster trust and excitement about higher-level group goals
What type of social dilemma occurs when a public good needs to be sustained over time?
Public goods dilemmas
What characterizes common resource dilemmas?
Resource depletion due to overuse by individuals
What is the best outcome in a prisoner's dilemma?
Cooperate while partner competes
What does priming different cultures influence in social dilemmas?
Willingness to cooperate with a friend in a social dilemma
What is the impact of interconnectedness and shared outcomes in a group?
Creates more intrinsic motivation
What is the term for individuals being particularly motivated to have their group seem competent in collectivistic cultures?
Social loafing dilemma
What type of leadership model emphasizes specific personality traits as indicators of effective leadership?
Trait or “Great Person” Model
What does the tit-for-tat strategy involve in social dilemmas?
Responding with the same action as your partner on each interaction
Explore the influence of group processes on behavior, including intragroup and intergroup processes, social facilitation, social loafing, and cohesion. Understand how groups of people can impact individual behavior and decision-making.
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