Group Dynamics and Social Interaction

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Questions and Answers

According to the Big Five theory, which dimension reflects the degree to which an individual seeks social contact?

  • Agreeableness
  • Neuroticism
  • Conscientiousness
  • Extraversion (correct)

How do women generally differ from men in their approach to group membership?

  • Women are less likely to define themselves based on group memberships.
  • Women seek membership in larger, task-focused groups for power and influence.
  • Women seek membership in smaller, informal, intimate groups for supportive relationships. (correct)
  • Women prioritize competitive environments within groups to vie for status.

Which of the following is NOT a basic social motive emphasized by William Schutz's Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation (FIRO) theory?

  • Esteem (correct)
  • Affection
  • Control
  • Inclusion

What is the defining characteristic of individuals with a 'preoccupied' attachment style in the context of group attachment?

<p>A strong desire to join groups coupled with excessive worry about being rejected. (D)</p>
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In social comparison theory, what motivates an individual to engage in downward social comparison?

<p>To enhance their self-esteem by comparing themselves to those who are less successful. (C)</p>
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According to Abraham Tesser's Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model, how do individuals maintain self-esteem in relation to others' achievements?

<p>By associating with high-achieving individuals in areas not relevant to their own self-esteem. (B)</p>
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Which type of support involves providing tangible resources to someone in need?

<p>Instrumental support (C)</p>
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What distinguishes emotional loneliness from social loneliness?

<p>Emotional loneliness arises from the absence of a long-term intimate relationship, while social loneliness arises from a lack of a network of friends and acquaintances. (D)</p>
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Which principle of attraction suggests that individuals are drawn to those who are geographically or physically nearby?

<p>The Proximity Principle (D)</p>
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How does the elaboration principle explain group expansion?

<p>It explains how groups expand as existing members form connections with non-members, drawing them into the group. (D)</p>
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What is homophily in the context of the similarity principle?

<p>The tendency for group members to display certain affinities and similarities, like demographic background, attitudes or values. (D)</p>
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Which of the following best describes the principle of complementarity in the context of group attraction?

<p>Group members are drawn to individuals who possess traits opposite to their own, filling in existing gaps. (D)</p>
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According to William Schutz, what does interchange compatibility refer to in group dynamics?

<p>Members sharing similar needs for inclusion, control, and affection. (C)</p>
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What is the primary focus of the reciprocity principle in the context of group attraction?

<p>The tendency for liking to be met with liking in return. (B)</p>
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What does the minimax principle suggest about group membership preferences?

<p>Individuals seek memberships that provide the maximum rewards while incurring the fewest costs. (A)</p>
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According to Thibaut and Kelley's social exchange theory, what does the comparison level (CL) represent?

<p>The standard by which an individual evaluates the quality of any social relationship based on prior relationships. (D)</p>
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In social exchange theory, what does CLalt (Comparison Level for Alternatives) primarily influence?

<p>An individual's evaluation of other groups they might join. (D)</p>
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Why might individuals experiencing fear or anxiety seek out the company of others experiencing the same emotion?

<p>To gain information, clarity, and support, reducing uncertainty and negative emotions. (D)</p>
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Under what circumstances might people avoid joining others, even when feeling miserable?

<p>When they do not wish to embarrass themselves. (A)</p>
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According to the principles of stress and affiliation, how do people typically respond in groups to a long-term threat?

<p>By supporting and nurturing each other and elaborating supportive relations. (A)</p>
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Flashcards

Big Five Theory

A conceptual model of personality with five key dimensions: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience.

Relationality

The degree to which one prioritizes establishing and maintaining connections with others.

FIRO (Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation)

A theory emphasizing how inclusion, control, and affection influence group formation and development.

Preoccupied Attachment Style

Characterized by seeking membership but worrying excessively about rejection.

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Social Comparison

Evaluating personal beliefs by comparing oneself to others to confirm reality.

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Misery Loves Company

Finding comfort in the company of others who are also unhappy or miserable.

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Downward Social Comparison

Evaluating oneself by comparing to those less effective, boosting self-esteem.

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Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) Model

Maintaining self-esteem by associating with high-achievers in non-relevant areas.

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Proximity Principle

The tendency to form relationships with those who are physically close.

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Elaboration Principle

Expanding groups as members form connections with non-members, drawing them in.

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Similarity Principle

The tendency to connect with those who share similar traits, backgrounds, or values.

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Social Loneliness

Feeling cut off from friends and acquaintances.

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Reciprocity Principle

The tendency for liking to be reciprocated; if one likes another, that liking is likely returned.

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Comparison Level (CL)

The standard by which individuals evaluate the quality of social relationships, based on prior experiences.

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