60 Questions
What is the main focus of structuration theories of group decision making?
The emergent structures of decision making
What is considered as a key aspect in forming reality within groups?
Pre-context of individuals and background factors
In the context of effective group decision making, what does Gilson & Shalley (2004) emphasize?
Design of the task for the group activity
Which aspect is NOT mentioned as a factor shaping effective group decision making by Gilson & Shalley (2004)?
Size of the organization
What distinguishes Warren Bennis & Herbert Shepard's work from Edgar Schein's work mentioned in the text?
Emphasis on conflict and emotion in groups
According to structuration theories of group decision making, what aspects are focused on in generating and sustaining emergent structures?
Group context, individual backgrounds, and the presented problem
What is a key concern highlighted by Lowell (2010) regarding group decision making methods?
The ambiguity about when to apply a given method
Which aspect is NOT included in Peniwati's (2007) criteria for judging the effectiveness of Group Decision Making Methods?
Applicability to conflict resolution
What is considered arguably less important than determining when to apply a group decision making method?
Judgement in the use of group decision making methods
Which characteristic is emphasized as essential for organizational decision making according to the text?
Scientific and mathematical generality
What does the text suggest as a challenge for decision making processes?
Use of group decision making methods even with some ambiguity about future issues
What makes determining when to use a group decision making method challenging according to the text?
'Guessing' process involved in decision making
What potential effect can attributions of prior successful solutions have on group dynamics?
Lead to narrowing down options and more focused discussions
According to ongoing research, what is a possible outcome of individual attributions of prior successful solutions in a group setting?
Generating a strong group dynamic for identifying group solutions
How does prior exposure of individuals to the aim of the group task influence group effectiveness in decision-making?
It enhances group effectiveness in decision-making processes
Which framework is commonly used to understand communication between individuals and the rigidities that exist?
Johari window
What was illustrated by the speech given by US Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on February 12th, 2002?
"Known unknowns" in decision making
According to recent research, how do groups tasked with being creative perform more effectively?
When they are expected to be creative
Which term refers to the phenomenon of doubts being pushed out of conscious thought within a group?
Repression
What is characterized by attributing one's own fears or responsibilities to others in a derogatory manner?
Projection displacement
Which symptom of groupthink involves feelings of concern or dread not being acknowledged by oneself or others?
Denial
What mechanism involves addressing weaknesses in one area by focusing on areas of greater strength to avoid value conflict?
Stereotyping of outgroups
Which action involves dissuading others from expressing doubts that might upset the current group situation?
Self-appointed mind guards
What is the term for the belief in the morality of the group that leads to an inability or refusal to question the moral position?
Regression
What are some primary aims of the CF activities mentioned in the text?
Supporting strategic decision making and improving the innovation process
Which famous scientist is mentioned in the text as an example of someone who writes science fiction drawing upon their knowledge?
Alastair Reynolds
What is Arthur C. Clarke famous for predicting according to the text?
Geostationary artificial satellites
What is Science fiction described as in the text?
A form of storytelling that presents potential scenarios
What does a more detailed discussion of futures methodology require?
Greater development than a small section permits
What is presented in the text as causing a misdirection of efforts in effective group decision making?
Individual cognitive processes and specific mental modes
What are the four stages posited by Fisher's work regarding group decision making?
Orientation, Conflict, Emergence, Reinforcement
Who are the key figures mentioned in the text regarding individual interaction in a group context?
George Homans and Wilfred Bion
What is emphasized as a key outcome regarding group cohesion in the text?
The more cohesive a group is, the more valuable the social approval or activity exchanged among members.
What did the text suggest as a key factor for individuals feeling part of the group dynamic?
Conforming to emergent group norms
What is a key aspect for the effectiveness of lobby groups?
The more cohesive the group is, the more valuable the social approval or activity exchanged among members.
What is highlighted as a challenge for decision-making processes in the text?
Overly descriptive approaches
What are the two types of Groupthink phenomenon outlined by Chapman (2006)?
Type 1 and Type 2
According to Koerber & Neck (2003), what is proposed as a necessary but not sufficient antecedent condition for the emergence of groupthink?
Collective efficacy
What key role does prospect theory play in shaping risk perceptions according to Chapman (2006)?
Determining judgement through expected losses and gains
What is proposed by Chapman (2006) as resulting in higher levels of concurrency between group members?
Anxiety between group members
What is the Whyte model discussed by Koerber & Neck (2003) in relation to the original Janis Groupthink phenomenon?
It replaces group cohesiveness with collective efficacy
What tends to be illustrated by the speech given by US Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on February 12th, 2002?
Flawed outcomes from groupthink
What is attribution theory's claim about how individuals tend to attribute success and failure?
Individuals are likely to take credit for their success whilst attributing failure to external circumstances.
How does the self-serving bias impact group decision making according to Goncalo & Duguid (2008)?
Groups and organizations tend to take credit for their success and attribute failure to their external environment.
What role does divergent thinking play in group decision making?
Divergent thinking encourages a more diverse range of potential solutions and helps mitigate the risk of groupthink.
What are the potential outcomes of bringing attributions of past successful decisions into group discussions?
It can either encourage divergent thinking or lead to misdirection of efforts in effective group decision making.
How does groupthink relate to divergent thinking in the context of group decision making?
Groupthink represents convergent thinking, while divergent thinking aims to prevent groupthink by generating a diverse range of solutions.
What is the significance of individual attributions of prior successful solutions in a group setting?
It may help encourage divergent thinking and lead to more effective group decision making.
What is the proposed group decision-making methodology that aims to recognize individual decision-making factors and group dynamics?
Motivated Information Process in Groups model (MIP-G)
What term is used to describe the initiation of systemic information processing by group members when they lack confidence in their understanding of a problem?
Epistemic motivation
According to Manz & Neck (1996), what is one way to mitigate the risks of groupthink?
Encouraging divergent views within the group
What is the key focus of structuration theories in group decision making?
Generating and sustaining emergent structures
What is the main concern highlighted by Lowell (2010) regarding group decision-making methods?
Determining when to use a group decision-making method
What is a potential outcome of attributions of prior successful solutions in a group setting?
Misdirection of efforts
What is the period of the Joseph Kitchin cycle and what is it concerned with?
3-4 years; acquisition and development of organizational inventory
Who is associated with the Simon (Smith) Kuznets cycle and what is it concerned with?
Simon (Smith) Kuznets; migration and investment in construction and capital build projects
What is the period of the Clement Juglar cycle and what is its focus?
7-11 years; increase and decrease in fixed investment in plant equipment and machinery
What is the main contribution of the Joseph Kitchin cycle to the business cycle theory?
Lack of information and diffusion contributing to business cycles
Which economist's work laid the foundation for development economics and revealed issues with Keynesian economics in the long term?
Simon (Smith) Kuznets
What is the significance of the business 'cycle' in understanding economic forces?
Combined pressures and forces with varying periodicity
Test your knowledge on how group dynamics can influence convergent thinking, leading to a narrower range of possible solutions. Explore the impact of individual attributions of successful solutions on group dynamics and problem-solving approaches.
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