Group B Streptococcal Sepsis

What is the most common cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis in infants ≤72 hours old?

A neonate presents with respiratory distress, seizures, and diffuse infiltrates on chest X-ray at 24 hours of life. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism?

Which of the following clinical findings is LEAST likely to be associated with meconium aspiration in a newborn?

A 2-day-old newborn is suspected of having early-onset sepsis. Which of the following CSF findings would be LEAST consistent with Group B Streptococcus (GBS) as the causative agent?

An infant born at 30 weeks gestation presents at 12 hours of life with respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation. Blood cultures are pending, but sepsis is suspected. Which of the following is the MOST likely causative organism?

A full-term neonate develops respiratory distress and lethargy at 18 hours of life. Initial workup reveals diffuse infiltrates on chest X-ray. Which of the following is the next BEST step in management?

A 2-day-old infant is being evaluated for possible sepsis. Which of the following historical factors would be MOST concerning for early-onset Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection?

A 24-hour-old newborn presents with fever, poor feeding, and respiratory distress. A complete blood count reveals leukopenia, and a chest X-ray shows diffuse infiltrates. Which of the following investigations is most critical to identify the causative organism?

A 48-hour-old infant is diagnosed with early-onset sepsis due to Group B Streptococcus (GBS). Which of the following antibiotic regimens is the MOST appropriate initial treatment?

A two-day-old neonate is diagnosed with early-onset sepsis. Which of the following signs is least indicative of this condition?

What is the most common cause of a newborn presenting with respiratory distress, seizures, and diffuse infiltrates within the first 72 hours of life?

A 1-day-old infant born at term presents with lethargy, poor feeding, and respiratory distress. The mother's prenatal history is unremarkable, but she did not receive intrapartum antibiotics. Which of the following pathogens is the MOST likely cause of the infant's symptoms?

A neonate presents with signs suggestive of early-onset sepsis. Which of the following would be the least likely finding in a case of early-onset sepsis caused by GBS?

A 24-hour-old infant presents with respiratory distress, seizures, and is found to have diffuse infiltrates on a chest X-ray. Which of the following maternal factors would most strongly suggest Group B Streptococcus (GBS) as the etiology?

Which of the following conditions is characterized by respiratory distress caused by the presence of meconium in the infant's lungs, and is MOST commonly observed in post-term infants, but does not typically cause seizures?

An infant presents with respiratory distress, seizures, and diffuse infiltrates on chest X-ray within the first 72 hours of life. What is the most appropriate initial treatment?

An infant presents at 48 hours of life with respiratory distress, lethargy, and poor perfusion. The mother's Group B Streptococcus (GBS) status is unknown. A complete blood count reveals neutropenia. Which of the following antibiotic regimens would be the MOST appropriate empirical therapy?

A term newborn is diagnosed with early-onset sepsis. The CSF analysis reveals a white blood cell count of 500 with 90% neutrophils, elevated protein, and low glucose. Gram stain is positive for gram-positive cocci in chains. What is the most likely causative organism?

A previously healthy 3-day-old term infant presents with fever, poor feeding, and decreased responsiveness. Which of the following clinical findings would be MOST concerning for bacterial meningitis?

A newborn presents with respiratory distress at birth. While resuscitating the infant, copious amounts of thick, green-stained fluid are suctioned from the airway. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely?

A 2-day-old infant is being evaluated for possible sepsis and meningitis. Which of the following CSF findings is MOST suggestive of bacterial infection, rather than a viral or non-infectious cause?

Which of the following is the most important risk factor for early-onset Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection in a newborn?

A 1-month-old infant presents with cough, nasal congestion, and respiratory distress characterized by wheezing. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 2-day-old infant presents with respiratory distress, poor feeding, and lethargy. Blood cultures are drawn, and the infant is started on empiric antibiotics. Which of the following is the MOST important next step in managing this infant?

Which of the following clinical scenarios is LEAST likely to be associated with early-onset neonatal sepsis?

Which of the following pathogens is most commonly associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia?

Which of the following statements correctly differentiates between early-onset and late-onset neonatal sepsis?

An infant born at 39 weeks gestation presents with respiratory distress, fever, and poor feeding at 36 hours of life. Laboratory workup reveals thrombocytopenia. Which of the following organisms is most likely responsible for these findings?

A 4-week-old infant, born prematurely at 28 weeks gestation, presents with cough, difficulty breathing, and diffuse bilateral infiltrates on chest X-ray. The infant's mother is HIV-positive, but her viral load is well-controlled on antiretroviral therapy. Which of the following is the MOST likely pathogen causing the infant's pneumonia?

Which of the following is LEAST suggestive of a diagnosis of early-onset neonatal sepsis?

A 1-day-old newborn presents with poor perfusion, hypotension, and respiratory distress unresponsive to oxygen supplementation. The mother’s prenatal labs were unremarkable. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?

Which of the following characteristics of Pneumococcal meningitis is the least common in neonates?

An infant is suspected of developing early-onset sepsis. Which CSF result is least associated with GBS?

What factor, when absent, increases the consideration for early-onset sepsis caused by GBS in a newborn?

Besides respiratory distress, what other symptom must a newborn infant ≤72 hours old show to support a diagnosis of early-onset sepsis caused by GBS?

A 1-month-old infant presents with a cough, nasal congestion, and wheezing. What condition are these symptoms primarily associated with?

A term newborn displays poor feeding, lethargy, and respiratory distress. Which diagnostic tool is most effective for determining sepsis?

A neonate presents with respiratory distress, lethargy, and diffuse infiltrates on chest X-ray within the first 72 hours of life. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism?

A term neonate is born with meconium staining and requires resuscitation. Which of the following findings would be LEAST consistent with meconium aspiration syndrome?

A 2-day-old infant is suspected to have bacterial meningitis. CSF analysis reveals elevated protein, decreased glucose and a high white blood cell count. Which organism is LEAST likely to be the cause?

A 5-week-old infant presents with cough, progressive respiratory distress, and a history of prematurity. Which of the following pathogens should be of primary concern?

A 3-week-old infant presents with interstitial pneumonia. A review of the history reveals that the infant is HIV positive. Which of the following is the MOST likely causative organism?

A 36-hour-old neonate is being evaluated for possible sepsis. The neonate's mother had a prolonged rupture of membranes but was GBS negative via culture 5 weeks before delivery. Which of the following actions is MOST appropriate?

Which statement BEST describes the epidemiology of early-onset Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease in neonates?

A 2-day-old infant presents with fever, poor feeding, and respiratory distress. A septic workup is initiated. Which of the following CSF findings would be MOST concerning for bacterial meningitis?

A term neonate presents with respiratory distress, lethargy, and poor perfusion at 6 hours of life. The mother's GBS status is unknown. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial antibiotic regimen?

A 2-day-old infant is diagnosed with early-onset sepsis. Which of the following signs would be LEAST indicative of this condition?

What maternal factor most significantly elevates the risk of early-onset Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection in a newborn?

Which CSF finding would be LEAST consistent with a diagnosis of early-onset sepsis due to Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in a 2-day-old newborn?

A 24-hour-old infant is being evaluated for possible sepsis. Which historical factor would be MOST concerning for early-onset Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection?

An infant presents with respiratory distress, seizures, and diffuse infiltrates on chest X-ray within the first 72 hours of life. Which of the following maternal factors would MOST strongly suggest Group B Streptococcus (GBS) as the etiology?

A 1-day-old infant born at term presents with respiratory distress, lethargy, and poor feeding. The mother's prenatal history is unremarkable, but she did not receive intrapartum antibiotics due to rapid labor. Which pathogen is the MOST likely cause?

A 24-hour-old newborn presents with fever, poor feeding, and respiratory distress. A complete blood count reveals leukopenia, and a chest X-ray shows diffuse infiltrates. Which investigation is MOST critical for identifying the causative organism?

An infant presents at 48 hours of life with respiratory distress, lethargy, and poor perfusion. The mother's Group B Streptococcus (GBS) status is unknown. A complete blood count reveals neutropenia. Which antibiotic regimen would be the MOST appropriate empiric therapy?

A 2-day-old infant presents with respiratory distress, poor feeding, and lethargy. Blood cultures are drawn, and the infant is started on empiric antibiotics. What is the MOST important next step in managing this infant?

An infant born at 39 weeks gestation presents with respiratory distress, fever, and poor feeding at 36 hours of life. Laboratory workup reveals thrombocytopenia. Which organism is MOST likely responsible?

A 4-week-old infant, born prematurely at 28 weeks gestation, presents with cough, difficulty breathing, and diffuse bilateral infiltrates on chest X-ray. The infant's mother is HIV-positive, but her viral load is well-controlled on antiretroviral therapy. Which pathogen is MOST likely?

A 1-day-old newborn presents with poor perfusion, hypotension, and respiratory distress unresponsive to oxygen supplementation. The mother’s prenatal labs were unremarkable and she had no intrapartum antibiotics. What is the most appropriate next step?

When absent, what factor increases the consideration for early-onset sepsis caused by GBS in a newborn?

A 2-day-old infant is diagnosed with early-onset sepsis. The mother received intrapartum antibiotics due to being GBS positive during the current pregnancy. Which of the following statements best reflects the MOST appropriate course of action?

Besides CSF cultures, what other body fluid can be used to identify the causative organism in a newborn with respiratory distress suspected of having sepsis?

A 2-day-old infant presents with respiratory distress, poor feeding, and is suspected of having early-onset sepsis. The mother reports that her labor was precipitous, and therefore, she did not receive antibiotics. What is the next step?

Which statement correctly differentiates between early-onset and late-onset neonatal sepsis?