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Questions and Answers
What arrangement characterizes Strep. agalactiae microscopically?
What arrangement characterizes Strep. agalactiae microscopically?
- Gram-negative cocci in clusters
- Gram-positive cocci in chains (correct)
- Gram-negative bacilli in clusters
- Gram-positive bacilli in chains
What is a positive CAMP test indicative of?
What is a positive CAMP test indicative of?
- Presence of Group A Streptococcus
- Presence of Escherichia coli
- Presence of Group B Streptococcus (correct)
- Presence of Staphylococcus aureus
Which test results would indicate GBS identification?
Which test results would indicate GBS identification?
- Negative bacitracin sensitivity and positive CAMP test (correct)
- Positive bacitracin sensitivity and negative CAMP test
- Negative bacitracin sensitivity and negative CAMP test
- Positive bacitracin sensitivity and positive CAMP test
Where is GBS commonly found as part of the normal flora in healthy women?
Where is GBS commonly found as part of the normal flora in healthy women?
What types of serious infections can GBS cause in neonates?
What types of serious infections can GBS cause in neonates?
Which condition in pregnant women can GBS cause?
Which condition in pregnant women can GBS cause?
What is the timeframe for early-onset neonatal GBS infection?
What is the timeframe for early-onset neonatal GBS infection?
Which virulence factors help GBS cause severe infections?
Which virulence factors help GBS cause severe infections?
What condition in neonates is more likely caused by late-onset GBS infection?
What condition in neonates is more likely caused by late-onset GBS infection?
What can GBS urinary tract infections in pregnant women lead to?
What can GBS urinary tract infections in pregnant women lead to?
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Study Notes
Group B Streptococcus (GBS)
- GBS is a gram-positive cocci arranged in chains
- Characterized by the presence of antigen group B in the cell wall (Lancefield grouping)
- Positive result for CAMP test and sodium hippurate hydrolysis test
- Bicitracin resistant
Normal Flora and Opportunistic Pathogen
- Part of normal flora in vagina and lower gastrointestinal tract in healthy women (asymptomatic carriers), including pregnant women
- Behaves as an opportunistic pathogen, causing severe invasive infections
- Virulence factors: anti-phagocytic capsule and a pore-forming toxin (beta-hemolysin)
GBS Infections in Neonates
- Leading cause of bacterial neonatal infection during gestation, labor, and after delivery
- Significant mortality rates in premature infants
- Infections in the mother can cause:
- Chorioamnionitis (severe infection of the placental tissues)
- Postpartum infections (after birth)
- Urinary tract infections (UTI) that may induce labor and cause premature delivery
- Infections in neonates can present as:
- Fulminant sepsis
- Pneumonia
- Meningitis
- Respiratory distress syndrome
Clinical Syndromes in Neonates
- Early-Onset neonatal infection (EOI): manifests from 0-7 living days, mostly apparent within 24 hours of birth
- Late-Onset neonatal Infection (LOI): affects neonates from 7 days to 3 months of age, more likely to cause bacteremia or meningitis
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