Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which statement about coronaviruses is correct?
Which statement about coronaviruses is correct?
What is a common clinical manifestation associated with enterovirus 71?
What is a common clinical manifestation associated with enterovirus 71?
How is the transmission of echoviruses primarily conducted?
How is the transmission of echoviruses primarily conducted?
Which of the following viruses is NOT considered a positive-sense RNA virus?
Which of the following viruses is NOT considered a positive-sense RNA virus?
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What characterizes the disease caused by Norovirus?
What characterizes the disease caused by Norovirus?
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Which symptom is associated with pleurodynia?
Which symptom is associated with pleurodynia?
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Which form of viral transmission is associated with rhinovirus?
Which form of viral transmission is associated with rhinovirus?
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Which of the following diseases is most closely linked to calicivirus?
Which of the following diseases is most closely linked to calicivirus?
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Identify the primary mode of transmission for the common cold virus.
Identify the primary mode of transmission for the common cold virus.
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What type of illness may progress from SARS-CoV infection?
What type of illness may progress from SARS-CoV infection?
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Which symptom is NOT typically associated with echovirus diseases?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with echovirus diseases?
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What is a distinguishing feature of the viruses classified under Group A and B?
What is a distinguishing feature of the viruses classified under Group A and B?
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Which virus is associated with causing Hand-foot-and-mouth disease?
Which virus is associated with causing Hand-foot-and-mouth disease?
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What is a common clinical manifestation associated with congenital rubella syndrome?
What is a common clinical manifestation associated with congenital rubella syndrome?
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Which type of virus does the Orthomyxovirus genus include?
Which type of virus does the Orthomyxovirus genus include?
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What is the main transmission route for Human T-lymphotropic virus?
What is the main transmission route for Human T-lymphotropic virus?
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Which of the following is a characteristic feature of filoviruses?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of filoviruses?
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What is a noted clinical manifestation of pediatric AIDS?
What is a noted clinical manifestation of pediatric AIDS?
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What is the role of Hemagglutinin (HA) in the Influenza virus?
What is the role of Hemagglutinin (HA) in the Influenza virus?
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Which disease is caused by the Human T-lymphotropic virus?
Which disease is caused by the Human T-lymphotropic virus?
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What type of infection is typically observed in HIV-infected patients when the CD4 T-cell count drops significantly?
What type of infection is typically observed in HIV-infected patients when the CD4 T-cell count drops significantly?
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What is a common feature of negative-sense RNA viruses?
What is a common feature of negative-sense RNA viruses?
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Which condition is likely to develop from congenital rubella later in childhood?
Which condition is likely to develop from congenital rubella later in childhood?
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What is the primary treatment for managing HIV infection?
What is the primary treatment for managing HIV infection?
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Which of the following forms can the Ebola virus take?
Which of the following forms can the Ebola virus take?
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In which organ does the Rubella virus primarily begin its pathogenesis?
In which organ does the Rubella virus primarily begin its pathogenesis?
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What is a significant risk factor for developing opportunistic infections in HIV patients?
What is a significant risk factor for developing opportunistic infections in HIV patients?
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Study Notes
Group B Viruses
- Pleurodynia (Epidemic Myalgia): Characterized by fever and stabbing chest pain; myocarditis and pericarditis can occur. Involves simultaneous viral infections across multiple organs like heart, liver, and brain.
- Calicivirus: Includes norovirus (most common cause of epidemic viral gastroenteritis in adults), sapovirus, nebovirus, and lagovirus.
- Other viruses causing URT infections: Coronavirus, adenovirus, enterovirus, and influenza virus.
Group A and B Viruses
- Aseptic meningitis: Types A7, A9, and B; characterized by fever, malaise, headache, and abdominal pain.
- Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFM): Types A5, 10, 160, and B1; marked by oral and pharyngeal ulcers and a vesicular rash on palms and soles.
- Vesivirus: Associated with vesicular exanthem.
Positive-Sense RNA Viruses (Enveloped Viruses)
- Coronavirus: Large, enveloped RNA viruses; implicated in common colds, lower respiratory tract infections, and infant gastroenteritis. Transmission by contact with respiratory droplets and fomites. Causes SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS.
Other Echoviruses
- Enteroviruses: Enterovirus 70 associated with hemorrhagic conjunctivitis; enterovirus 71 with meningitis, encephalitis, and paralysis resembling poliomyelitis; and Hepatitis A virus.
- Enteric Cytopathogenic Human Orphan Viruses: Transmission is fecal-oral. Causes a variety of diseases, including aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and other febrile illnesses, with or without rash, common colds, ocular diseases.
Rhinovirus
- Common cold: Transmitted via contact (hand-to-hand). Incubation period is 2 to 4 days. Symptoms include sneezing, nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, sore throat, headache, mild cough, malaise, and chilly sensation.
Retrovirus
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Genus Lentivirus. HIV and HIV-2. Pathogensis involves RNA to DNA to protein conversion—a reverse transcription process. The course of HIV infection can be reviewed.
Negative-Sense RNA Viruses (Enveloped Viruses)
- Filovirus: Long, filamentous particles; single-stranded, non-segmented, negative-sense RNA. Includes Ebola virus and Marburg virus; natural host is the African fruit bat.
Clinical Findings, Treatment, and Transmission sections of both pages of notes
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SARS-CoV: May cause various levels of illness, from asymptomatic to critical illness.
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HIV: Includes acute HIV infection, AIDS, and pediatric AIDS. Treatment is highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Transmission is vertical, sexual, and through blood.
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Rubella (German Measles): Classic triad: cataracts, cardiac abnormalities, and deafness. Complication: progressive rubella panencephalitis (second decade of life).
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Human T-lymphotropic Virus (HTLV): Transmission, diseases (Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), Tropical spastic paraparesis
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Togavirus: Includes Rubella/German Measles.
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Orthomyxovirus: Includes Influenza virus (A,B,C)
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Description
This quiz covers key aspects of Group A and B viruses, including symptoms related to pleurodynia, aseptic meningitis, and hand-foot-and-mouth disease. Additionally, it focuses on various viruses such as calicivirus and coronaviruses, highlighting their implications in respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. Test your knowledge on these important viral infections.
