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Questions and Answers
What is the element symbol for the oxygen family?
What is the element symbol for the oxygen family?
O
Which of the following elements are nonmetals in the oxygen family?
Which of the following elements are nonmetals in the oxygen family?
- sulfur (correct)
- tellurium
- polonium
- selenium (correct)
- oxygen (correct)
Select the correct answer for the configuration of elements in the Oxygen family.
Select the correct answer for the configuration of elements in the Oxygen family.
- ns2 np3
- ns2 np6
- ns2 np5
- ns2 np4 (correct)
What is the oxidation state of oxygen in the oxygen family?
What is the oxidation state of oxygen in the oxygen family?
Except for oxygen, elements in the oxygen family can have positive oxidation states.
Except for oxygen, elements in the oxygen family can have positive oxidation states.
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
Which of the following is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust?
Which of the following is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust?
What two allotropes are common for oxygen?
What two allotropes are common for oxygen?
Ozone is poisonous but protects life from harmful radiation.
Ozone is poisonous but protects life from harmful radiation.
How is oxygen produced in nature?
How is oxygen produced in nature?
What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?
What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?
Sulfur has more than 10 different forms due to its ability to catenate.
Sulfur has more than 10 different forms due to its ability to catenate.
What is the name of the form of sulfur that is found in rocks and minerals?
What is the name of the form of sulfur that is found in rocks and minerals?
Selenium is more common than oxygen or sulfur.
Selenium is more common than oxygen or sulfur.
What makes selenium unique in its properties?
What makes selenium unique in its properties?
What is the name of the crown-shaped molecule of selenium?
What is the name of the crown-shaped molecule of selenium?
What type element is tellurium?
What type element is tellurium?
Why is polonium known as a rare element?
Why is polonium known as a rare element?
Oxygen is the most common and important component of air.
Oxygen is the most common and important component of air.
Who discovered oxygen?
Who discovered oxygen?
Which of the following is NOT a property of oxygen?
Which of the following is NOT a property of oxygen?
Oxygen is a heavier gas than air.
Oxygen is a heavier gas than air.
In which state is oxygen used as a propellant for rockets?
In which state is oxygen used as a propellant for rockets?
At what temperature does oxygen become solid? and becomes liquid? What is the color of oxygen in its solid and liquid states?
At what temperature does oxygen become solid? and becomes liquid? What is the color of oxygen in its solid and liquid states?
Oxygen supports combustion by oxidizing fuels.
Oxygen supports combustion by oxidizing fuels.
Oxygen is essential for all but which of the following processes?
Oxygen is essential for all but which of the following processes?
What is the temperature used in welding and cutting with oxygen?
What is the temperature used in welding and cutting with oxygen?
What are the five types of oxides?
What are the five types of oxides?
Acidic oxides are oxides of metals.
Acidic oxides are oxides of metals.
What are the two acidic oxides mentioned in the text?
What are the two acidic oxides mentioned in the text?
What are the two oxides of metals mentioned in the text?
What are the two oxides of metals mentioned in the text?
Neutral oxides form salts when reacted with acids and bases.
Neutral oxides form salts when reacted with acids and bases.
What are three examples of neutral oxides?
What are three examples of neutral oxides?
Amphoteric oxides are metallic oxides that exhibit both basic and acidic properties
Amphoteric oxides are metallic oxides that exhibit both basic and acidic properties
What is the compound formula for hydrogen peroxide?
What is the compound formula for hydrogen peroxide?
Compound oxides are made up of two oxides of the same metal, one with a higher oxidation state and one with a lower oxidation state.
Compound oxides are made up of two oxides of the same metal, one with a higher oxidation state and one with a lower oxidation state.
The most common peroxide is sodium peroxide.
The most common peroxide is sodium peroxide.
What is the formula for the compound oxide ferro-ferric oxide?
What is the formula for the compound oxide ferro-ferric oxide?
What are a few applications of oxygen?
What are a few applications of oxygen?
Flashcards
Chalcogens
Chalcogens
A group of elements in the periodic table that includes oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium.
Catenation
Catenation
The ability of an element to form bonds with itself, creating chains or rings of atoms.
Native Element
Native Element
A chemical element that is naturally found in its elemental form, not combined with other elements.
Allotrope
Allotrope
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
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Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
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Oxide
Oxide
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Acidic Oxide
Acidic Oxide
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Basic Oxide
Basic Oxide
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Amphoteric Oxide
Amphoteric Oxide
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Peroxide
Peroxide
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Compound Oxide
Compound Oxide
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Catalyst
Catalyst
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Electronegativity
Electronegativity
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Oxidizing Agent
Oxidizing Agent
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Reduction
Reduction
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Reducing Agent
Reducing Agent
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Oxidation State
Oxidation State
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Exothermic Reaction
Exothermic Reaction
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Endothermic Reaction
Endothermic Reaction
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Diatomic Molecule
Diatomic Molecule
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Triatomic Molecule
Triatomic Molecule
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Elemental State
Elemental State
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Compound
Compound
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Element
Element
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Molecule
Molecule
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Liquid
Liquid
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Gas
Gas
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Solid
Solid
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Study Notes
Group 6A(16): The Oxygen Family
- Group 6A elements include oxygen (O), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), and polonium (Po)
- These elements are called chalcogens
- The chalcogens are nonmetals except for polonium which is a metalloid
- Group 6A elements have an outer-electron configuration ns²np⁴.
- The group 6A elements tend to gain two electrons to achieve a noble gas electron configuration, hence a common oxidation state of -2.
- Except for oxygen, group 6A elements also exhibit positive oxidation states up to +6.
Properties of Oxygen (O₂)
- Discovered by Joseph Priestley and Carl Scheele in 1774.
- Highly reactive nonmetallic element, reacting with most other elements.
- Heavier than air
- Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas.
- Soluble in water.
- Highly electronegative and an oxidizing agent
- Most abundant element by mass in Earth's crust
- Part of oxide compounds like silicon dioxide
- Essential for aerobic respiration.
Physical Properties of Oxygen
- Cools to a liquid at -183°C
- Solidifies below -218°C, appearing as a light sky-blue liquid and solid
- Exists as diatomic molecules (O₂) and triatomic molecules (ozone, O₃). Ozone is poisonous but shields Earth from harmful UV radiation.
Preparation of Oxygen
- Various methods exist:
- Thermal decomposition of certain salts (e.g. potassium chlorate or potassium nitrate)
- Thermal decomposition of metal peroxides or hydrogen peroxide
- Thermal decomposition of metal oxides.
Classification of Oxides
- Oxides are compounds formed by the reaction of oxygen with other elements
- Different types exist:
- Acidic oxides: Formed by nonmetals, these react with water to form acids (e.g., CO₂ forms carbonic acid, SO₃ forms sulfuric acid). When these oxides combine with bases, they produce salts, e.g. SO₃ + NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + H₂O
- Basic oxides: Formed by metals, these react with water to form hydroxides (e.g., CaO forms calcium hydroxide, K₂O forms potassium hydroxide). They produce salts upon combining with acids.
- Neutral oxides: These oxides do not exhibit acidic or basic properties and don't form salts when reacting with acids or bases (e.g., carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N₂O), nitric oxide (NO)).
- Amphoteric oxides: Exhibit both acidic and basic properties depending on the reacting substance (e.g., aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃)).
- Compound oxides: Formed by a metal with two different oxidation states (e.g., ferric oxide, Fe₃O₄). Upon reacting with acids, these oxides produce a mixture of salts.
Applications of Oxygen
- Essential for respiration in living organisms
- Used in combustion
- Medical purposes
- Welding and cutting metals (high temperatures required)
- Making steel and methanol
- Melting processes
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