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Questions and Answers
What is an aquifer?
What is an aquifer?
An underground layer storing significant water resources.
What is an unconfined aquifer?
What is an unconfined aquifer?
An aquifer made of porous rock covered by soil out of which water can easily flow.
What is porosity?
What is porosity?
The volume of voids in soil or rock, affecting water storage.
What is hydraulic conductivity?
What is hydraulic conductivity?
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What is a flood hydrograph?
What is a flood hydrograph?
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What are SUDS?
What are SUDS?
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Which of the following are examples of SUDS? (Select all that apply.)
Which of the following are examples of SUDS? (Select all that apply.)
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What is flood frequency analysis?
What is flood frequency analysis?
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What is recurrence interval?
What is recurrence interval?
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What is the water balance equation?
What is the water balance equation?
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What is land subsidence?
What is land subsidence?
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What is Darcy's Law?
What is Darcy's Law?
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Define groundwater flow?
Define groundwater flow?
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What is hydraulic head?
What is hydraulic head?
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What is the cubic law?
What is the cubic law?
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What are the principles of stormwater management?
What are the principles of stormwater management?
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Define extreme events.
Define extreme events.
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What are atmospheric rivers?
What are atmospheric rivers?
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What is groundwater pollution?
What is groundwater pollution?
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What are mechanisms of groundwater transport? Select all that apply.
What are mechanisms of groundwater transport? Select all that apply.
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What is advection?
What is advection?
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What is mechanical dispersion?
What is mechanical dispersion?
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What is hydrodynamic dispersion?
What is hydrodynamic dispersion?
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What is the average linear velocity of groundwater?
What is the average linear velocity of groundwater?
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What are protection zones?
What are protection zones?
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What is river discharge?
What is river discharge?
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What is slope stability?
What is slope stability?
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What is specific yield?
What is specific yield?
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What is storativity?
What is storativity?
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What is soil moisture?
What is soil moisture?
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What is infiltration rate?
What is infiltration rate?
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What is groundwater quality?
What is groundwater quality?
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What is the Ghyben-Hertzberg principle?
What is the Ghyben-Hertzberg principle?
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What is a landslide?
What is a landslide?
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What are the types of landslides? Select all that apply.
What are the types of landslides? Select all that apply.
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What are some causes of landslides? Select all that apply.
What are some causes of landslides? Select all that apply.
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What are field methods?
What are field methods?
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What are the seasonal changes in groundwater level?
What are the seasonal changes in groundwater level?
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What is Voss?
What is Voss?
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What does bømoen have to do with groundwater?
What does bømoen have to do with groundwater?
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What are the actions taken at Mjelstad to protect groundwater?
What are the actions taken at Mjelstad to protect groundwater?
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What are the issues associated with Bryggen and how have they been addressed?
What are the issues associated with Bryggen and how have they been addressed?
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What are some examples of field methods to study groundwater?
What are some examples of field methods to study groundwater?
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Study Notes
Groundwater and Flood Management Key Concepts
- Aquifer: Underground layer storing significant water resources.
- Unconfined aquifer: An aquifer made of porous rock, covered by soil, allowing water to flow easily.
- Confined aquifer: An aquifer surrounded by impermeable rock or clay layers, hindering water flow.
- Aquifuge: A formation that neither contains nor transmits significant quantities of water.
- Aquiclude: A body of rock that absorbs water slowly but does not transmit it rapidly enough to supply a well.
- Aquitard: A low permeability geologic unit or stratum storing water but transmitting it very slowly, restricting flow.
- Porosity: The volume of voids in soil or rock; affects water storage (Vv/Vt).
- Hydraulic conductivity: Ability of soil to transmit water (measured in m/s; q=ki= Q/A or q=KAi).
- Flood hydrograph: Graph showing river discharge over time during floods.
- Sustainable drainage systems (SUDS): Systems managing stormwater effectively.
- Examples of SUDS: Permeable pavements, swales, wet and dry basins.
- Flood frequency analysis: Predicts the frequency of floods of a particular magnitude.
- Recurrence interval: Average time between events of a certain magnitude.
- Water balance equation: An equation representing inflow, outflow, and storage changes (P+Q+E+AS).
- Land subsidence: Gradual sinking of land; may result from groundwater or oil removal.
- Darcy's law: Describes groundwater flow based on hydraulic gradients (Q = -KAi and q = Ki = (h-h)).
- Groundwater flow: Movement of water through soil and rock layers.
- Hydraulic head: Potential energy available to drive groundwater flow (height of water column; indicates potential energy).
- Cubic law: Describes flow rate proportional to the cube of radius.
- Principles of stormwater management: Managing water runoff and flow. (steps 1-3).
- Extreme events: Rare, severe weather events impacting hydrology.
- Atmospheric rivers: Narrow bands of intense atmospheric moisture delivery in intense storms (rain and snow).
- Groundwater contamination: Contamination by harmful substances.
- Groundwater transport mechanisms: Diffusion, advection, mechanical dispersion, and hydrodynamic dispersion.
- Advection: Transfer of moisture through horizontal movements of air.
- Mechanical dispersion: Spreading of a solute in a fluid as it flows through a porous medium or along a channel.
- Hydrodynamic dispersion: Spreading of a solute as water flows through a porous medium.
- Average linear velocity of groundwater flow: Rate of groundwater flow (typically in meters per day).
- Protection zones (VOSS): Designated areas to safeguard water sources from contamination.
- River discharge measurements: Quantification of river flow (usually in cubic meters per second).
- Slope stability: Potential of soil-covered slopes to withstand movement (equation = safety factor = resisting forces/driving forces).
- Specific yield: Ratio of water that drains from saturated soil (s=ne in unconfined aquifer).
- Storativity: Volume of water stored per unit area per unit change in head.
- Soil moisture: Water held in soil, crucial for plant growth.
- Infiltration rate: Speed of water entering the soil (measured in mm/hr).
- Groundwater quality: Assessment of physical, chemical, and biological water properties.
- Ghyben-Herzberg principle: Describes the relationship between freshwater and saltwater in aquifers.
- Landslide: Downward movement of rock or soil due to gravity.
- Landslide types: Falls, topples, spreads, slides, flows, or deformation; vary depending on debris involved.
- Landslide causes: Slope angle, vegetation removal, weathering, undercutting, slope composition, rainfall, slope changes, increased pore water pressure, earthquake shaking, or human activity.
- Landslide triggers: Factors initiating a landslide.
- Field methods: Techniques used for data collection in natural environments.
- Seasonal changes in groundwater levels: Changes in groundwater levels throughout the year.
- Voss: Very susceptible to flooding, using water tunnels/culverts to handle flooding.
- bømoen: Contaminated soil, military activity, mitigation, well use
- Mjelstad: Protect groundwater with geological/artificial barriers
- Bryggen: Subsidence, using SUDS
- Mindemyren: Nature-based ecosystems to address climate change
- Examples of field methods: MDP infiltration, Floatation, salt dilution, VA method, grain size analysis.
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Description
Explore key concepts in groundwater and flood management including aquifers, hydraulic conductivity, and sustainable drainage systems. This quiz covers the fundamentals necessary for understanding water resource management and flood control practices.