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Questions and Answers
Ground subsidence is defined as the ______ elevation due to the removal of subsurface support.
Ground subsidence is defined as the ______ elevation due to the removal of subsurface support.
loss of surface
Which of the following factors contributes most significantly to ground subsidence in urban settlements?
Which of the following factors contributes most significantly to ground subsidence in urban settlements?
- Tectonic plate movement
- Excessive groundwater extraction (correct)
- Erosion by river systems
- Volcanic activity
Ground subsidence only occurs in areas with a high population density.
Ground subsidence only occurs in areas with a high population density.
False (B)
What geological feature is commonly associated with ground subsidence and involves the dissolution of soluble rocks?
What geological feature is commonly associated with ground subsidence and involves the dissolution of soluble rocks?
Name one natural cause and one man-made cause of ground subsidence.
Name one natural cause and one man-made cause of ground subsidence.
Why is ground subsidence often referred to as a 'silent hazard'?
Why is ground subsidence often referred to as a 'silent hazard'?
Karst terrains primarily consist of granite and basalt.
Karst terrains primarily consist of granite and basalt.
Which mitigation strategy is most effective in reducing ground subsidence in areas affected by excessive groundwater extraction?
Which mitigation strategy is most effective in reducing ground subsidence in areas affected by excessive groundwater extraction?
The formation of a sinkhole begins with ______ water penetrating the area and dissolving the rocks.
The formation of a sinkhole begins with ______ water penetrating the area and dissolving the rocks.
Which factor is LEAST likely to exacerbate Rainfall-Induced Landslides?
Which factor is LEAST likely to exacerbate Rainfall-Induced Landslides?
Match each type of landslide with its description:
Match each type of landslide with its description:
Landslides only occur in mountainous regions.
Landslides only occur in mountainous regions.
Which of the following human activities does NOT typically contribute to an increased landslide risk?
Which of the following human activities does NOT typically contribute to an increased landslide risk?
Landslides are downslope movement of soil, rock, and organic materials under the effects of ______.
Landslides are downslope movement of soil, rock, and organic materials under the effects of ______.
Describe one geological factor that influences landslide occurrence.
Describe one geological factor that influences landslide occurrence.
What is the primary method for protecting coastlines against coastal erosion?
What is the primary method for protecting coastlines against coastal erosion?
Coastal erosion is solely caused by natural phenomena and is not influenced by human activities.
Coastal erosion is solely caused by natural phenomena and is not influenced by human activities.
Which factor is LEAST likely to influence the rate of coastal erosion?
Which factor is LEAST likely to influence the rate of coastal erosion?
Coastal erosion involves the breakdown and removal of materials from the coastline due to wave action, tidal currents, and ______.
Coastal erosion involves the breakdown and removal of materials from the coastline due to wave action, tidal currents, and ______.
Name two types of coastal erosion.
Name two types of coastal erosion.
Mass movement, as a type of coastal erosion, primarily affects which type of shore?
Mass movement, as a type of coastal erosion, primarily affects which type of shore?
Bolides are only composed of metallic elements.
Bolides are only composed of metallic elements.
What distinguishes a 'superbolide' from a regular bolide?
What distinguishes a 'superbolide' from a regular bolide?
A bolide creates a ______ as it enters the Earth's atmosphere.
A bolide creates a ______ as it enters the Earth's atmosphere.
Name one method currently considered in the deflection techniques.
Name one method currently considered in the deflection techniques.
What is a primary effect of a bolide impact on Earth?
What is a primary effect of a bolide impact on Earth?
Ground subsidence can occur due to the extraction of both groundwater and geothermal fluids.
Ground subsidence can occur due to the extraction of both groundwater and geothermal fluids.
Which type of geological formation is MOST susceptible to sinkhole development due to ground subsidence?
Which type of geological formation is MOST susceptible to sinkhole development due to ground subsidence?
Proper and planned ______ is a key strategy in mitigating the impacts of ground subsidence on communities.
Proper and planned ______ is a key strategy in mitigating the impacts of ground subsidence on communities.
Describe how heavy rainfall contributes to landslide initiation.
Describe how heavy rainfall contributes to landslide initiation.
Which activity is LEAST likely to contribute to increased Rainfall-Induced Landslides?
Which activity is LEAST likely to contribute to increased Rainfall-Induced Landslides?
The primary factor driving translational landslides is rotational movement along a curved surface.
The primary factor driving translational landslides is rotational movement along a curved surface.
Which geological factor has the LEAST direct influence on mass movement?
Which geological factor has the LEAST direct influence on mass movement?
The main erosion factor in Mechanical Erosion is high energy ______ or stormwaves.
The main erosion factor in Mechanical Erosion is high energy ______ or stormwaves.
Briefly describe how weathering contributes to coastal erosion.
Briefly describe how weathering contributes to coastal erosion.
What process describes the removal of rocks and minerals by living organisms in coastal environments?
What process describes the removal of rocks and minerals by living organisms in coastal environments?
Rising sea levels generally mitigate coastal erosion by increasing the distance between wave action and the shoreline.
Rising sea levels generally mitigate coastal erosion by increasing the distance between wave action and the shoreline.
Which of these methods is MOST likely to mitigate the impact of a large bolide on Earth?
Which of these methods is MOST likely to mitigate the impact of a large bolide on Earth?
The impact of a bolide can affect the geological, geophysical, and ______ aspects of its landing area.
The impact of a bolide can affect the geological, geophysical, and ______ aspects of its landing area.
Why is it important to conduct a census of Near-Earth Objects?
Why is it important to conduct a census of Near-Earth Objects?
Flashcards
Ground Subsidence
Ground Subsidence
Loss of surface elevation due to removal of subsurface support.
Ground Subsidence Cause
Ground Subsidence Cause
Too much groundwater extracted in urban settings.
Sinkhole
Sinkhole
Type of ground subsidence in karst terrains.
Sinkhole Formation
Sinkhole Formation
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Mitigation of Subsidence
Mitigation of Subsidence
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Landslide
Landslide
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Landslide Type: Fall
Landslide Type: Fall
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Landslide Type: Topple
Landslide Type: Topple
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Landslide Type: Slide
Landslide Type: Slide
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Morphological Factors
Morphological Factors
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Coastal Erosion
Coastal Erosion
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Bioerosion
Bioerosion
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Global Sea Level Rise
Global Sea Level Rise
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Bolide
Bolide
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Bolide Impact
Bolide Impact
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Deflection Techniques
Deflection Techniques
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Study Notes
Ground Subsidence
- Ground subsidence results from the loss of surface elevation, caused by the removal of subsurface support
- Excessive groundwater extraction in urban or deltaic regions can lead to ground subsidence
Causes of Ground Subsidence
- Natural causes include tectonic motion and sea level rise
- Man-made causes include heavy withdrawal of groundwater and geothermal fluids, along with mining and underground construction
Sinkholes
- A sinkhole is a type of ground subsidence
- Sinkholes commonly occur in karst terrains, composed of limestone, dolomite, or gypsum bedrocks
Formation of Sinkholes
- Acidic water dissolves rocks, leading to the formation of sinkholes
- Horizontal and vertical cracks develop, creating underground conduit systems
- The presence of underground surfaces could collapse
Effects of Ground Subsidence
- Ground subsidence results in damage and destruction of agricultural lands, industrial processes, and infrastructure
- Injuries and fatalities are possible
Mitigation of Ground Subsidence
- Proper and planned urbanization are essential to mitigate ground subsidence
- Finding alternative water sources is a key mitigation strategy
- Avoiding infrastructures near land fissures is crucial, and drainage should be routed away from these areas
- Prohibiting residential zones in areas susceptible to high subsidence is recommended
Rainfall-Induced Landslides
- Landslides involve the downslope movement of soil, rock, and organic materials driven by gravity, and the landform created by this movement
Types of Landslides
- Fall: Material detaches from cliffs or steep slopes due to loss of support or fracturing
- Topple: A block of material detaches from a steep slope, moving forward and downward around a point of axis
- Slide: Detached masses of materials move along a downward sloping surface
Factors Affecting Landslides
- Geological factors are the properties of rock and soil
- Morphological factors are the shape of the land and its slope, tectonic and volcanic activities, erosion and deposition
- Human factors include Mining, excavation, building of roads and dams, irrigation, and deforestation
Coastal Erosion
- Coastal erosion involves the breakdown and removal of materials from the coastline due to wave action, tidal currents, and human activities
Types of Coastal Erosion
- Mechanical Erosion is the main erosion factor and results from high energy waves or stormwaves
- Weathering alternates wetting and drying of salt spray, wave swash, tides, and rain
- Bioerosion is the removal of rocks and minerals through the actions of organisms
- Mass Movements involve unstable steep slopes of rocky shores
Bolide Impact
- A bolide is any celestial body entering the Earth's surface, creating a fireball
- Superbolides are relatively larger bolides
- NEOs are near-Earth objects
Bolide Impact Effects
- Bolide impacts can result in explosions and crater formation
- The impacts depend on the features of the foreign body
- Bolide impacts affect the geological, geophysical, and geochemical aspects of the landing area
Mitigating Bolide Impact
- Deflection techniques involving a laser beam can move NEOs
- Large lenses or mirrors can refocus the sun's energy on an NEO
- Colliding another object with an NEO can alter its course
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Description
Explore ground subsidence, its causes, and the formation of sinkholes. Learn about natural and man-made factors like groundwater extraction and karst terrains. Understand the effects on agriculture, industry, and infrastructure.
