29 Questions
What is the function of the tunica serosa in the stomach?
Forms greater and lesser omenta
Which part of the esophagus contains a combination of skeletal and smooth muscle?
Middle 1/3
What is unique about the muscular layers of the stomach?
They have an inner layer that is oblique
What forms the haustra in the large intestine?
Teniae coli
What is the function of the tunica submucosa?
Contains blood vessels and nerves
Which part of the small intestine contracts behind the food bolus?
Inner circular smooth muscle
Which part of the gastrointestinal tract is responsible for the chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes?
Stomach
What is the primary arterial supply during embryonic development for the Foregut region of the GI system?
Celiac trunk
Which structure is NOT part of the large intestine?
Duodenum
Where does most absorption take place in the small intestine?
Jejunum
Which region of the gut tube extends from the distal half of the duodenum to the splenic flexure of the colon?
Midgut
Where is the pyloric sphincter located?
As part of the pylorus below the body of the stomach
What is the function of VIP in the gastrointestinal system?
Regulating smooth muscle contraction
Which ions enter the smooth muscle fibers upon slow waves?
Sodium ions only
What is the nickname given to the Enteric Nervous System (ENS)?
Little Brain
What effect does sympathetic activity have on intestinal smooth muscle?
Causes muscle relaxation
Which plexus is responsible for controlling local intestinal secretion and absorption?
Submucosal plexus
Where do sensory fibers pass from before reaching the enteric plexuses and prevertebral ganglia?
The luminal epithelium and gut wall
Which neurotransmitter is responsible for inhibiting intestinal tract smooth muscle?
Norepinephrine
Which plexus is mainly responsible for stimulating gland secretions and contraction of the muscularis mucosae in the intestines?
Submucosal plexus
Which part of the spinal cord do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons for the hindgut arise from?
S2-S4
Where do sympathetic postganglionic neurons terminate in the enteric nervous system?
Myenteric plexus
Which part of the gut is mainly innervated by sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons?
Distal large intestine
Where does water absorption occur in the gastrointestinal tract, from the greatest to the smallest amount?
Jejunum, ileum, colon, feces
Which hormone is released from the duodenal mucosa in response to the presence of fat, carbohydrate, or protein in the duodenum postprandially?
Cholecystokinin
Which part of the gastrointestinal structure includes the cecum?
Large intestine
What is the function of the interstitial cells of Cajal?
Generation of electrical slow waves for gut motility
Which condition is characterized by significantly delayed gastric emptying and is a common complication of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus?
Gastroparesis
What are the typical signs and symptoms associated with paralytic ileus?
Nausea/vomiting, abdominal distension, absent bowel sounds
Test your knowledge on the structures and functions of the gastrointestinal tract, including associated glands and the process of nutrient absorption. Learn about the oral cavity, pharynx, and chemical breakdown of materials in the GI system.
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