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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the tunica serosa in the stomach?

  • Creates haustra in the large intestine
  • Forms greater and lesser omenta (correct)
  • Forms mesenteries attaching organs to the posterior abdominal wall
  • Contains white fibrous connective tissue connecting esophagus to mediastinal structures

Which part of the esophagus contains a combination of skeletal and smooth muscle?

  • Lower 1/3
  • Entire esophagus
  • Upper 1/3
  • Middle 1/3 (correct)

What is unique about the muscular layers of the stomach?

  • They contain both skeletal and smooth muscle
  • They have an outer layer that is circular
  • They contract behind the food bolus
  • They have an inner layer that is oblique (correct)

What forms the haustra in the large intestine?

<p>Teniae coli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tunica submucosa?

<p>Contains blood vessels and nerves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the small intestine contracts behind the food bolus?

<p>Inner circular smooth muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the gastrointestinal tract is responsible for the chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes?

<p>Stomach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary arterial supply during embryonic development for the Foregut region of the GI system?

<p>Celiac trunk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT part of the large intestine?

<p>Duodenum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does most absorption take place in the small intestine?

<p>Jejunum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the gut tube extends from the distal half of the duodenum to the splenic flexure of the colon?

<p>Midgut (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pyloric sphincter located?

<p>As part of the pylorus below the body of the stomach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of VIP in the gastrointestinal system?

<p>Regulating smooth muscle contraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ions enter the smooth muscle fibers upon slow waves?

<p>Sodium ions only (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nickname given to the Enteric Nervous System (ENS)?

<p>Little Brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does sympathetic activity have on intestinal smooth muscle?

<p>Causes muscle relaxation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plexus is responsible for controlling local intestinal secretion and absorption?

<p>Submucosal plexus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do sensory fibers pass from before reaching the enteric plexuses and prevertebral ganglia?

<p>The luminal epithelium and gut wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is responsible for inhibiting intestinal tract smooth muscle?

<p>Norepinephrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plexus is mainly responsible for stimulating gland secretions and contraction of the muscularis mucosae in the intestines?

<p>Submucosal plexus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the spinal cord do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons for the hindgut arise from?

<p>S2-S4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do sympathetic postganglionic neurons terminate in the enteric nervous system?

<p>Myenteric plexus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the gut is mainly innervated by sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons?

<p>Distal large intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does water absorption occur in the gastrointestinal tract, from the greatest to the smallest amount?

<p>Jejunum, ileum, colon, feces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released from the duodenal mucosa in response to the presence of fat, carbohydrate, or protein in the duodenum postprandially?

<p>Cholecystokinin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the gastrointestinal structure includes the cecum?

<p>Large intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the interstitial cells of Cajal?

<p>Generation of electrical slow waves for gut motility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by significantly delayed gastric emptying and is a common complication of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus?

<p>Gastroparesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical signs and symptoms associated with paralytic ileus?

<p>Nausea/vomiting, abdominal distension, absent bowel sounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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