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Questions and Answers
The hair acts as an additional layer of insulation, a '______,' if you will, to protect a dog from cold weather.
The hair acts as an additional layer of insulation, a '______,' if you will, to protect a dog from cold weather.
topcoat
The skin is one of the largest organs of the body, accounting for about ______% of body weight.
The skin is one of the largest organs of the body, accounting for about ______% of body weight.
16
The _______ is the most superficial layer of the dog’s skin.
The _______ is the most superficial layer of the dog’s skin.
epidermis
Hair is derived from the ______ and _____.
Hair is derived from the ______ and _____.
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The dermis lies immediately underneath the ______.
The dermis lies immediately underneath the ______.
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The dermis contains _____, _____, and ______.
The dermis contains _____, _____, and ______.
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The thickest skin in dogs is found in the ______ region.
The thickest skin in dogs is found in the ______ region.
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The skin prevents ______ and hydration.
The skin prevents ______ and hydration.
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The hypodermis determines the dog’s appearance because of its unique ______.
The hypodermis determines the dog’s appearance because of its unique ______.
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Hair is made up of hard ______.
Hair is made up of hard ______.
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The three concentric layers of hair include the ______, _____, and ______.
The three concentric layers of hair include the ______, _____, and ______.
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______ are typically stiffer, harder, glossier, and coarser than the softer undercoat of a dog.
______ are typically stiffer, harder, glossier, and coarser than the softer undercoat of a dog.
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The skin acts as a sensory organ and helps regulate ______ change.
The skin acts as a sensory organ and helps regulate ______ change.
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The ______ or ______ tissue contains fat cells that develop.
The ______ or ______ tissue contains fat cells that develop.
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The ______ is the basal layer of the epidermis.
The ______ is the basal layer of the epidermis.
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______ are enlarged hairs that serve as tactile receptors.
______ are enlarged hairs that serve as tactile receptors.
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The dermis is composed of strong, flexible ______ tissue.
The dermis is composed of strong, flexible ______ tissue.
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The hypodermis is also called ______ .
The hypodermis is also called ______ .
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______ is the granular layer of the epidermis.
______ is the granular layer of the epidermis.
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The vascular role of the dermis is critical for ______ regulation.
The vascular role of the dermis is critical for ______ regulation.
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Canine whiskers help a dog measure ______ in the dark.
Canine whiskers help a dog measure ______ in the dark.
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Sweat glands are also known as ______ glands.
Sweat glands are also known as ______ glands.
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The ______ muscle is responsible for the erection of hairs in animals.
The ______ muscle is responsible for the erection of hairs in animals.
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Arterial supply for the thoracic mammary glands comes from the ______ branches of the internal thoracic arteries.
Arterial supply for the thoracic mammary glands comes from the ______ branches of the internal thoracic arteries.
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______ sweat glands are found in areas like the armpits and genital area.
______ sweat glands are found in areas like the armpits and genital area.
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The ______ sweat glands secrete sweat directly onto the skin surface.
The ______ sweat glands secrete sweat directly onto the skin surface.
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Cutaneous muscle is also known as the ______ .
Cutaneous muscle is also known as the ______ .
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The venous supply of the mammary glands includes cranial and caudal ______ veins.
The venous supply of the mammary glands includes cranial and caudal ______ veins.
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The ______ glands are responsible for oily secretion.
The ______ glands are responsible for oily secretion.
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______ are located in the constrictor muscles of the vestibule.
______ are located in the constrictor muscles of the vestibule.
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The glands of the anal sac lie in the _____ o’clock position of the anal canal.
The glands of the anal sac lie in the _____ o’clock position of the anal canal.
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The _____ is located at the dorsal aspect of the tail.
The _____ is located at the dorsal aspect of the tail.
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_____ serve functions such as traction, defense, and catching prey.
_____ serve functions such as traction, defense, and catching prey.
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The toughest region of the canine skin is known as the ______.
The toughest region of the canine skin is known as the ______.
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The rough surface of the pads is due to the presence of heavily keratinized ______ .
The rough surface of the pads is due to the presence of heavily keratinized ______ .
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The _____ contribute to the strong odor of foxes in particular.
The _____ contribute to the strong odor of foxes in particular.
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Glands of ear canal secretes ______.
Glands of ear canal secretes ______.
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The (located above the eye), protect a dog’s eyes from dust and dirt in the air.
The (located above the eye), protect a dog’s eyes from dust and dirt in the air.
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Study Notes
Integumentary System Overview
- Composed of skin, hair, claws, pads, and mammary glands; serves as a protective covering for the body.
- Skin (Cutis) is the largest organ, accounting for 16% of body weight, continuous with mucous membranes at mucocutaneous junction.
Skin Structure and Function
- Skin thickness varies: thickest at the neck, thinner over sternum, thinnest on the ventral abdomen.
- Functions include:
- Protection against microorganisms and chemicals.
- Prevents dehydration and maintains hydration.
- Acts as a sensory organ; regulates temperature.
- Secretes and excretes substances; synthesizes Vitamin D.
- Reflects overall health condition of the animal.
Layers of the Skin
- Epidermis: Most superficial, non-vascular with stratified squamous epithelium.
- Dermis: Located beneath the epidermis with vessels, nerves, glands; provides structural support.
- Hypodermis: Composed of fat cells; also known as subcutaneous tissue.
Layers of the Epidermis
- Stratum basale: deepest layer.
- Stratum spinosum: prickle-cell layer.
- Stratum granulosum: granular layer.
- Stratum lucidum: absent in nasal skin.
- Stratum corneum: outermost "horny" layer.
Hair Structure and Function
- Hair composed of hard keratin, with three concentric layers: medulla, cortex, and cuticle.
- Types of hair include stiff guard hairs and softer undercoat; guard hairs provide insulation and protection.
Vibrissae (Whiskers)
- Enlarged tactile receptors located under the skin; assist in spatial awareness, especially in low light conditions.
Mammary Glands
- Classified into cranial and caudal thoracic, abdominal, and inguinal glands.
- Blood supply varies; thoracic glands are fed by internal thoracic arteries, and inguinal glands receive blood from external pudendal arteries.
Skin Muscles and Glands
- Erector pili muscle: causes hair to stand up (piloerection) in response to cold or fear.
- Cutaneous muscle: allows skin movement and twitches.
- Sweat glands: Eccrine (direct secretion) and apocrine (secreted into hair follicles).
- Sebaceous glands: produce oily secretions for skin lubrication.
Glands Associated with Reproductive and Sensory Function
- Bartholin glands: secrete mucus, active during estrus.
- Glands of anal sac: produce a foul-smelling viscous liquid.
- Supracaudal (tail) gland: involved in scent marking and species communication.
Claws and Digital Pads
- Claws serve for traction, defense, and capturing prey; consist of sole, walls, and central dorsal ridge.
- Digital pads are the toughest regions of canine skin, featuring heavily keratinized conical papillae for durability.
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Description
Explore the intricate details of the integumentary system, including the role of skin, hair, and associated structures. This quiz dives into topographic terms and the composition of the protective covering of the body derived from the epidermis and dermis. Test your knowledge of hair follicles and their functions.
