Gross Anatomy: Integumentary System

Questions and Answers

The hair acts as an additional layer of insulation, a '______,' if you will, to protect a dog from cold weather.

topcoat

The skin is one of the largest organs of the body, accounting for about ______% of body weight.

The _______ is the most superficial layer of the dog’s skin.

epidermis

Hair is derived from the __ and _.

epidermis and dermis Signup and view all the answers

The dermis lies immediately underneath the ______.

epidermis Signup and view all the answers

The dermis contains ___, _, and ____.

vessels, nerves, and glands Signup and view all the answers

The thickest skin in dogs is found in the ______ region.

neck Signup and view all the answers

The skin prevents ______ and hydration.

dessication Signup and view all the answers

The hypodermis determines the dog’s appearance because of its unique ______.

coloring Signup and view all the answers

Hair is made up of hard ______.

keratin Signup and view all the answers

The three concentric layers of hair include the ____, _, and ____.

medulla, cortex, and cuticle Signup and view all the answers

______ are typically stiffer, harder, glossier, and coarser than the softer undercoat of a dog.

Guard hairs Signup and view all the answers

The skin acts as a sensory organ and helps regulate ______ change.

temperature Signup and view all the answers

The or tissue contains fat cells that develop.

subcutis or subcutaneous Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is the basal layer of the epidermis.

stratum basale Signup and view all the answers

______ are enlarged hairs that serve as tactile receptors.

Vibrissae Signup and view all the answers

The dermis is composed of strong, flexible ______ tissue.

connective Signup and view all the answers

The hypodermis is also called ______ .

superficial fascia Signup and view all the answers

______ is the granular layer of the epidermis.

Stratum granulosum Signup and view all the answers

The vascular role of the dermis is critical for ______ regulation.

temperature Signup and view all the answers

Canine whiskers help a dog measure ______ in the dark.

distance Signup and view all the answers

Sweat glands are also known as ______ glands.

sudoriferous Signup and view all the answers

The ______ muscle is responsible for the erection of hairs in animals.

Erector pili Signup and view all the answers

Arterial supply for the thoracic mammary glands comes from the ______ branches of the internal thoracic arteries.

sternal Signup and view all the answers

______ sweat glands are found in areas like the armpits and genital area.

Apocrine Signup and view all the answers

The ______ sweat glands secrete sweat directly onto the skin surface.

Eccrine Signup and view all the answers

Cutaneous muscle is also known as the ______ .

cutaneous trunci Signup and view all the answers

The venous supply of the mammary glands includes cranial and caudal ______ veins.

epigastric Signup and view all the answers

The ______ glands are responsible for oily secretion.

sebaceous Signup and view all the answers

______ are located in the constrictor muscles of the vestibule.

Bartholin glands Signup and view all the answers

The glands of the anal sac lie in the _____ o’clock position of the anal canal.

4 and 8 Signup and view all the answers

The _____ is located at the dorsal aspect of the tail.

supracaudal gland Signup and view all the answers

_____ serve functions such as traction, defense, and catching prey.

Claws Signup and view all the answers

The toughest region of the canine skin is known as the ______.

digital pads Signup and view all the answers

The rough surface of the pads is due to the presence of heavily keratinized ______ .

conical papillae Signup and view all the answers

The _____ contribute to the strong odor of foxes in particular.

caudal glands Signup and view all the answers

Glands of ear canal secretes ______.

cerumen Signup and view all the answers

The (located above the eye), protect a dog’s eyes from dust and dirt in the air.

superciliary vibrissae Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Integumentary System Overview

Composed of skin, hair, claws, pads, and mammary glands; serves as a protective covering for the body.
Skin (Cutis) is the largest organ, accounting for 16% of body weight, continuous with mucous membranes at mucocutaneous junction.

Skin Structure and Function

Skin thickness varies: thickest at the neck, thinner over sternum, thinnest on the ventral abdomen.
Functions include:
- Protection against microorganisms and chemicals.
- Prevents dehydration and maintains hydration.
- Acts as a sensory organ; regulates temperature.
- Secretes and excretes substances; synthesizes Vitamin D.
- Reflects overall health condition of the animal.

Layers of the Skin

Epidermis: Most superficial, non-vascular with stratified squamous epithelium.
Dermis: Located beneath the epidermis with vessels, nerves, glands; provides structural support.
Hypodermis: Composed of fat cells; also known as subcutaneous tissue.

Layers of the Epidermis

Stratum basale: deepest layer.
Stratum spinosum: prickle-cell layer.
Stratum granulosum: granular layer.
Stratum lucidum: absent in nasal skin.
Stratum corneum: outermost "horny" layer.

Hair Structure and Function

Hair composed of hard keratin, with three concentric layers: medulla, cortex, and cuticle.
Types of hair include stiff guard hairs and softer undercoat; guard hairs provide insulation and protection.

Vibrissae (Whiskers)

Enlarged tactile receptors located under the skin; assist in spatial awareness, especially in low light conditions.

Mammary Glands

Classified into cranial and caudal thoracic, abdominal, and inguinal glands.
Blood supply varies; thoracic glands are fed by internal thoracic arteries, and inguinal glands receive blood from external pudendal arteries.

Skin Muscles and Glands

Erector pili muscle: causes hair to stand up (piloerection) in response to cold or fear.
Cutaneous muscle: allows skin movement and twitches.
Sweat glands: Eccrine (direct secretion) and apocrine (secreted into hair follicles).
Sebaceous glands: produce oily secretions for skin lubrication.

Glands Associated with Reproductive and Sensory Function

Bartholin glands: secrete mucus, active during estrus.
Glands of anal sac: produce a foul-smelling viscous liquid.
Supracaudal (tail) gland: involved in scent marking and species communication.

Claws and Digital Pads

Claws serve for traction, defense, and capturing prey; consist of sole, walls, and central dorsal ridge.
Digital pads are the toughest regions of canine skin, featuring heavily keratinized conical papillae for durability.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the intricate details of the integumentary system, including the role of skin, hair, and associated structures. This quiz dives into topographic terms and the composition of the protective covering of the body derived from the epidermis and dermis. Test your knowledge of hair follicles and their functions.