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Questions and Answers
In Griffith's experiment, what was the conclusion when Type R bacteria mixed with heat-killed Type S bacteria were injected into mice?
In Griffith's experiment, what was the conclusion when Type R bacteria mixed with heat-killed Type S bacteria were injected into mice?
- Both Type R and Type S bacteria were destroyed by the mouse's immune system.
- Type R bacteria had no effect, and the mice survived.
- Type R bacteria transformed into Type S bacteria, indicating a transfer of genetic material. (correct)
- The heat-killed Type S bacteria revived and killed the mice.
In the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment, cultures treated with RNase still allowed the S strain to transfer into other strands.
In the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment, cultures treated with RNase still allowed the S strain to transfer into other strands.
True (A)
What specific technique did Rosalind Franklin use to create a photo of the 'double staircase' structure of DNA?
What specific technique did Rosalind Franklin use to create a photo of the 'double staircase' structure of DNA?
X-ray diffraction
In the Hershey-Chase experiment, radioactivity was found to enter the bacterial cells when the _______ was labeled.
In the Hershey-Chase experiment, radioactivity was found to enter the bacterial cells when the _______ was labeled.
Match each experiment with its primary finding regarding genetic material:
Match each experiment with its primary finding regarding genetic material:
What was the most significant conclusion from the Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty experiment?
What was the most significant conclusion from the Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty experiment?
Watson and Crick conducted the X-ray diffraction experiments that revealed the double helix shape of DNA.
Watson and Crick conducted the X-ray diffraction experiments that revealed the double helix shape of DNA.
In the Hershey-Chase experiment, what molecules were radioactively labeled to determine which entered the bacterial cells?
In the Hershey-Chase experiment, what molecules were radioactively labeled to determine which entered the bacterial cells?
According to the passage, the Type S bacteria is considered _______.
According to the passage, the Type S bacteria is considered _______.
What critical piece of information did Watson and Crick use from Rosalind Franklin to determine the structure of DNA?
What critical piece of information did Watson and Crick use from Rosalind Franklin to determine the structure of DNA?
Flashcards
Griffith's Transformation Experiment
Griffith's Transformation Experiment
Experiment in 1928 showing that bacteria can acquire genetic material through transformation.
Avery-MacCarty-MacLeod Experiment
Avery-MacCarty-MacLeod Experiment
Experiment showing that DNA is responsible for inheritance.
Hershey and Chase Experiment
Hershey and Chase Experiment
Experiment where protein coats of phages are radioactively labeled.
Rosalind Franklin
Rosalind Franklin
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Watson & Crick
Watson & Crick
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Type R Bacteria
Type R Bacteria
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Type S Bacteria
Type S Bacteria
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DNA
DNA
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Study Notes
- Viruses infect bacteria
- Radioactive tags are radioactive divides used to trace paths in organisms
1928 Griffith Transformation Experiment
- Different strains of bacteria were put into mice to see if they died
- Type R bacteria is non-virulent (not dangerous)
- Type S bacteria is virulent (dangerous)
- Type R resulted in the mouse living
- Type S resulted in the mouse dying
- Heat-killed Type S resulted in the mouse living
- Type R mixed with heat-killed Type S resulted in the mouse dying
- Type R bacteria inherited the Type S property when mixed with Type S bacteria
1941 Avery, McCarthy, MacLeod Experiment
- Heat-killed S strain with different enzymes was added, destroying either RNA, proteins, DNA, lipids, or carbohydrates
- Treated samples were then added to cultures of R strain bacteria and injected into mice
- Using RNase, the S and R strands were still dead
- Using Protase, the S and R strands were still dead
- Using DNase, the R strand resulted in the mouse living
- Using Lipase, the S and R strands were still dead
- Using Carboase, the S and R strands were still dead
- Type S could still transfer into other strains except the one with DNase
- DNA is responsible for inheritance
1952 Hershey and Chase Experiment
- Protein coats of phages are radioactively labeled
- Phages infect bacteria with genetic material, and no radioactivity enters the cell
- DNA of phages is labeled radioactively
- Phages infect bacteria with genetic material, and radioactivity enters cells
- DNA is injected into bacteria, giving the bacteria a viral infection
1952 Rosalind Franklin
- Franklin made a photo of double staircase; X shaped
- Created X ray diffraction technique providing an image of DNA
1953 Watson & Crick
- Used Franklin's results to figure out a double helix
- Responsible for defining the shape of DNA based on Franklin's picture of a double staircase
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