Grief and Palliative Care Quiz

Module 1 & 2-Medication Administration

• Administering medications safely requires understanding legal aspects of healthcare.
• Apply pharmacokinetic processes (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) to time medication administration, select route, and evaluate patient response.
• Medication administration aims for constant blood levels within a safe therapeutic range.
• Promptly recognize and report adverse medication events to prevent patient injury.
• Patient allergies are clearly documented.
• Medication route depends on properties, desired effect, and patient condition.
• Metric units are easily converted (factors of 10).
• Health care providers prescribe, pharmacists prepare/distribute medications.
• Nurses, physicians, and other providers evaluate medication therapies.
• Distractions may cause medication errors.
• Ten rights of medication administration (medication, dose, patient, route, time, documentation, indication, evaluation, right to refuse, health education) are crucial.
• Time-critical medications must be administered within a specific timeframe.
• Physical assessment before administering medications identifies indications/contraindications.
• Responsibilities include knowing medication therapeutics, assessing patients, calculating doses, administering medications (seven rights), monitoring effects, and assessing self-administration ability.
• MAR (Medication Administration Record) is used for medication preparation and administration at the patient's bedside.
• Collaboration with patients and caregivers is essential, especially for complex regimens.
• Medication administration evaluation requires assessment and knowledge of medications, physiology, and pathophysiology.

Module 3-Infection Prevention

• Infection transmission occurs when the six elements of the infection chain are present and uninterrupted.
• Normal body flora and defenses reduce pathogenic organisms.
• Acute inflammation involves vasodilation, increased blood flow causing redness/warmth, increased permeability leading to swelling, and cellular response with increased white blood cells.
• Systemic/widespread inflammation increases white blood cells in the bloodstream.
• Healthcare-associated infections lead to significant patient events and high healthcare costs.
• Multiple factors contribute to patient susceptibility to infection.

Module 4-Safety and Mobility

• Clinical judgment requires understanding patient safety perception and physical conditions.
• Vulnerable populations (infants, children, elderly, chronic disease) have increased safety risks.
• Common environmental safety hazards include vehicle accidents, poisonings, falls, and fires.
• Patient education is crucial for safety in home and work environments.
• Developmental stages create safety concerns due to lifestyle choices, cognition, mobility, and sensory limitations.
• All patients should undergo a fall risk assessment on admission, following changes, after falls, and after transfers to ensure patient safety.
• Procedure-related accidents are less likely when policies and procedures are followed and distractions are minimized.
• Psychosocial factors (health literacy, culture, health perception) influence patient safety.
• Interventions to minimize safety risks require clinical judgment and patient participation.
• Evidence-based alternatives to physical restraints include activities, de-escalation techniques, and relaxation techniques.

Module 5-Skin Integrity and Wound Care

• Skin breakdown risk increases with immobility and prolonged bed rest.
• Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolus (PE) are complications of immobility.
• Immobility leads to boredom and social isolation.
• Assessing for and planning interventions for impaired skin integrity and wound care requires clinical judgment.
• Wound assessment includes systemic and local complications affecting healing.
• Risk assessment tools evaluate pressure injury risk regularly.
• Essential wound healing factors include adequate nutrition, hydration, circulation, and normal hemoglobin.
• Impeding wound healing factors include shock/poor circulation, infection, and incontinence.
• Evaluating wound healing data informs nursing diagnoses and identifies appropriate therapies.
• Correct positioning is crucial for patients with impaired alignment/mobility.
• Interventions to prevent DVT include early ambulation, exercises, and fluid intake.
• Wound healing varies-acute is usually traumatic/surgical, while chronic wounds have factors like vascular compromise, chronic inflammation, or reinjury.

Module 6-Personal Hygiene & Bed Making

• Factors (beliefs, culture, economics, development) influence hygiene preferences/practices.
• Complete hygiene assessments (skin, feet, nails, mouth, hair, eyes) are essential.
• Patients with special needs (vascular insufficiency/mobility, cognition, sensation) require tailored support to overcome challenges.
• Assessment of physical/cognitive ability assists with determining hygiene support needs.
• Patients with diabetes or vascular disease need special care for feet/nails
• Patient-centered care considers patient's needs/preferences.
• Intervention preparation (pain/nausea therapies) promotes successful hygiene care.

Module 7-Oxygen Therapy, Surgical Asepsis

• Oxygen delivery through cardiopulmonary system (heart, lungs, airways, blood vessels) is vital.
• Processes like ventilation, diffusion, respiration, and perfusion support oxygenation.
• Cardiac output depends on heart rate, contractility, blood volume, and resistance to blood flow.
• Myocardial blood flow is crucial for heart muscle oxygenation.
• Systemic circulation delivers oxygen to tissues.
• Signs of hypoxemia include altered consciousness, increased respiration/difficulty, dyspnea, and anxiety.
• Factors influencing oxygenation include age, nutrition, lifestyle, humidity, environmental pollutants, and stress.
• Nursing assessments evaluate respiratory rate, pattern, secretions, cough, and oxygen saturation.
• Oxygen therapy (nasal cannula, mask, vent) enhances tissue oxygenation.
• Breathing exercises and chest physiotherapy support secretion removal.

Module 8-Urinary Elimination and Specimen Collection

• Micturition involves complex interactions between the central nervous system, bladder, and urinary sphincter.
• Fluid intake, medications, and other factors affect urine production.
• Urinary tract symptoms include urgency, frequency, hesitancy, polyuria, oliguria, nocturia, dribbling, and urinary retention.
• A history of catheterization increases UTI risk.
• Aseptic techniques are vital in maintaining closed drainage systems.
• Interventions (fluid intake, hygiene, and regular voiding) promote normal urination.
• Procedures like catheter insertion/removal and specimen collection require aseptic techniques to prevent infections.

Module 9-Bowel Elimination, Ostomy & Nutrition-Self-Concept

• The gastrointestinal (GI) tract consists of the alimentary canal and accessory organs.
• GI tract functions involve fluid/electrolyte balance.
• Patient assessment includes bowel habits, elimination patterns, and factors affecting them (stress, activity, diet, meds).
• Clinical judgment in bowel care planning involves identifying patient needs from the assessment.
• Planning care for patients requiring ostomy or bowel prep involves educating patients to manage changes effectively.
• Nutrition provision ensures essential nutrients are available to support bodily functions.
• Digestion/absorption encompasses chemical and mechanical processes that break down food into nutrients.

Module 10-Sensory

• Sensory experience encompasses reception, perception, and reaction to stimuli.
• Sensory alterations involve deficits, deprivation, and overload.
• Assessment considers factors (age, environmental factors) that impact sensory function.
• Nursing assessments focus on factors, mental status exams, and environmental factors.

Module 11-Communication

• Effective communication uses SACCIA for efficiency (Sufficiency, Accuracy, Clarity, Contextualization, and Interpersonal Adaptation)
• Adapting communication strategies (e.g., storytelling, reminiscing) with patient populations improves communication effectiveness and promotes patient engagement.
• Patient's viewpoints must be considered for effective communication.
• Recognizing non-verbal cues is crucial for understanding patient responses.
• Teaching involves both verbal and non-verbal communication and must consider patient background to accurately convey the correct information.

Module 12-Palliative and Hospice

• Loss experiences impact self-concept, self-esteem, and relationships.
• Losses (environment, relationship, self) affect grief responses.
• Grief is a personalized and individual process, and normal responses are complex.
• Grieving patients need support to understand their reactions.
• Assessment includes history and cultural factors that influence personal experiences.
• Patient wishes and expectations are considered.

Module 13-Rest/Sleep, Stress & Therapeutic Environment

• Sleep is a 24-hour circadian rhythm.
• Sleep needs and cycles vary across the lifespan.
• Environmental factors influence sleep patterns/behavior.
• Sleep problems (insomnia) are assessed with careful attention to factors that lead to the problem.
• Nursing interventions focus on creating an environment to promote sleep.
• Stress response involves alarm, resistance, and exhaustion stages.
• Stressors can impact physiological function and increase the risk for injury/infection
• A thorough assessment is essential when assessing stressors and responses.

Module 14-Complimentary & Alternative Therapies & Pain Management

• Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches are patient-centered and varied.
• Analgesic therapies have different underlying mechanisms to manage pain, which requires clinical judgment when selecting approaches to patients from different backgrounds.
• Multimodal analgesia is a strategy that combines several drugs to reduce side effects and improve patient outcomes.
• Individual/environmental factors have implications for pain management.
• Pain management requires consideration of the patient's individual responses to these therapies.

Test your knowledge on grief, palliative care, and the importance of personal protective equipment in healthcare settings. This quiz covers essential concepts such as the order of donning PPE, types of grief, and factors influencing grief responses. Understand the key components necessary for developing care plans for individuals nearing the end of life.