Gregor Mendel: Father of Genetics Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the study of heredity known as?

Genetics (correct)

Evolution

Biology

Ecology

What are alleles?

The different forms of a gene.

What are traits?

Physical characteristics of organisms.

What is a recessive allele?

An allele whose trait is masked in the presence of a dominant allele. Signup and view all the answers

What are genes?

Factors (a segment of DNA) that control traits. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hybrid?

An organism with two different alleles for a trait. Signup and view all the answers

What is heredity?

The passing of traits from parents to offspring. Signup and view all the answers

What is a dominant allele?

An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism. Signup and view all the answers

What is a purebred?

Always have two identical alleles. Signup and view all the answers

What does the parental generation refer to?

Crossing of a purebred dominant and a purebred recessive. Signup and view all the answers

What is the F1 generation?

Offspring from the cross of purebred dominant and purebred recessive. Signup and view all the answers

Mendel reasoned, 'factors exist in __.'

pairs Signup and view all the answers

Mendel reasoned, 'one factor in a pair can _______ the other.'

mask or hide Signup and view all the answers

What symbol is used for a dominant allele?

Capital letter Signup and view all the answers

What symbol is used for a recessive allele?

Lowercase letter Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the 'Father of Genetics'?

Gregor Mendel Signup and view all the answers

What organism did Gregor Mendel study extensively?

Pea plants Signup and view all the answers

What are the results of the F2 generation?

3/4 dominant and 1/4 recessive. Signup and view all the answers

What notable achievement did Mrs. Stewart accomplish this year?

Shot her first deer this year! Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Genetics Overview

Genetics is the scientific study of heredity, examining how traits are inherited from one generation to the next.
Heredity involves the transmission of genetic characteristics from parents to offspring.

Key Terms and Definitions

Alleles represent different forms of a gene that contribute to variation in traits.
Traits are the observable physical characteristics of organisms, influenced by alleles.
Dominant alleles always express their traits in the organism, while recessive alleles are masked by dominant alleles unless two recessive alleles are present.
Hybrid organisms have two different alleles for a given trait, showcasing genetic diversity.

Mendelian Concepts

Purebred individuals carry two identical alleles, ensuring consistent traits in offspring.
The parental generation consists of a cross between a purebred dominant and a purebred recessive organism.
The first filial (F1) generation results from this parental cross, exhibiting traits from the dominant allele.
The second filial (F2) generation shows a phenotypic ratio of 3:1, where approximately 75% display the dominant trait and 25% exhibit the recessive trait.

Mendel's Work

Gregor Mendel, known as the "Father of Genetics," conducted extensive studies on pea plants in a monastery garden to uncover the principles of inheritance.
Mendel postulated that genetic factors exist in pairs and that one factor can mask or hide the expression of another.

Symbolic Representation

Dominant alleles are typically represented by capital letters, while recessive alleles are denoted with lowercase letters, providing a visual cue for genetic representation.

Fun Fact

Mrs. Stewart, a notable individual mentioned, achieved a personal milestone by shooting her first deer this year.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards on Gregor Mendel, the father of genetics. Each card focuses on crucial terms in genetics, such as alleles, traits, and the concept of recessive alleles. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of heredity and genetic science.