Green Laws and Natural Resource Protection

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Questions and Answers

What happens to the area if permits, contracts, and agreements are not renewed?

It will become a private property.

It will be confiscated by the government.

It remains under the control of the permit holders.

It will be rehabilitated by the permit holders and revert to national parks classification. (correct)

Who may transfer the rights of tenured migrants within protected areas?

The tenured migrants can transfer their rights to any family member.

Tenured migrants have no rights that can be transferred.

The rights may be transferred only to the spouse or one direct descendant listed during the survey. (correct)

The rights can only be passed to other tenured migrants.

What is required from existing facilities within protected areas as per the new provisions?

No regulation is needed for existing facilities.

An inventory of all existing facilities must be conducted and submitted to the DENR Secretary. (correct)

They must be dismantled immediately.

They must pay the highest fee possible to the PAMB.

What is the role of PAMB regarding facilities found detrimental to the protected area?

PAMB may impose conditions for their continuous operation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities are allowed within protected areas?

Special uses may be allowed except in Strict Protection Zones and must align with the Management Plan. Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily addressed by green laws?

Protection and conservation of wildlife and natural resources Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an eligible activity under REDD+?

Commercial mining exploitation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of REDD+ in developing countries?

To incentivize forest protection and sustainable management Signup and view all the answers

What significant law codifies and updates all forestry laws in the Philippines?

Presidential Decree No. 389 Signup and view all the answers

What are co-benefits associated with REDD+?

Livelihood improvements, biodiversity conservation, and ecosystem services Signup and view all the answers

What does performance-based payment in REDD+ imply?

Payments are given only if emissions reductions are verified Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of sustainable management of forests under REDD+?

Maintaining and improving forest health and biodiversity Signup and view all the answers

Which Philippine decree is known as the Revised Forestry Code?

Presidential Decree No. 705 Signup and view all the answers

What is the penalty for cutting or possessing timber without legal documents?

Imprisonment and fines Signup and view all the answers

In cases of illegal timber cutting by a corporation, who is held liable?

The officers who ordered the action Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be confiscated for violations of the forest laws?

Machinery and tools used in the offense Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the proceeds from confiscated forest products is rewarded to informants?

20% Signup and view all the answers

What authority does the Department Head or their representative have in response to forest law violations?

To confiscate illegally obtained forest products Signup and view all the answers

What happens to officers of a corporation found guilty of illegal timber activities if they are aliens?

They are deported without further proceedings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT required for legal timber collection?

Informed consent of landowner Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Section 78-B of the law?

To reward informants for their assistance Signup and view all the answers

What defines large-scale mining operations?

Involves the use of heavy equipment and machinery. Signup and view all the answers

Which entity primarily supervises small-scale mining activities?

Local Government Units. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of mineral agreement?

Exploration Permit. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum initial term for a mineral agreement?

Twenty-five years. Signup and view all the answers

After how many years can mining operations be reawarded to the government or other contractors?

50 years. Signup and view all the answers

Who can apply for a mineral agreement?

Individuals, corporations, and partnerships. Signup and view all the answers

Which act prohibits certain activities under R.A. 7076?

Prohibited Acts Succeeding Section 27. Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the renewal of a mineral agreement?

Mutual agreement on terms with the government. Signup and view all the answers

How many protected areas are classified as National Parks under the ENIPAS Act?

94 Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the new provisions introduced in the ENIPAS Act?

Creation of the PAMO Signup and view all the answers

What major feature of the ENIPAS Act emphasizes administrative and criminal liabilities?

Wider coverage of prohibited acts Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the amendments made to the ENIPAS Act?

Introduction of higher fines and penalties Signup and view all the answers

What does the ENIPAS Act recognize regarding local communities and indigenous peoples?

Their management of conservation areas Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a retained provision in the ENIPAS Act?

Tax exemptions for corporations Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is responsible for the administration and management of the protected areas under the ENIPAS Act?

Department of Environment and Natural Resources Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the purposes of establishing buffer zones within protected areas according to the ENIPAS Act?

To mitigate conflicts between local communities and conservation efforts Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Protection of Natural Resources

Green laws aim at protecting, conserving, utilizing, and developing forests, land-based resources, and wildlife.
Deforestation and degradation lead to increased emissions, highlighting the need for conservation.
REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) promotes forest conservation by providing financial incentives to developing countries for sustainable forest management.

REDD+ Mechanics

Activities eligible under REDD+ include reducing deforestation emissions, preventing forest degradation, conserving carbon stocks, and enhancing forest carbon stocks.
Co-benefits of REDD+ include socio-economic improvements, biodiversity conservation, and enhanced ecosystem services.
Payments under REDD+ are performance-based, incentivizing actual reductions in emissions to ensure accountability.

Philippines Forestry Legislation

The Forestry Reform Code (Presidential Decree No. 389) enacted on February 5, 1974, aimed to update all forestry laws.
The Revised Forestry Code (Presidential Decree No. 705) was established on May 19, 1975, addressing unlawful occupation and destruction of forestlands.

Criminal Offenses and Penalties

Section 78 punishes unauthorized cutting or collection of timber with confiscation of products and penalties under the Revised Penal Code.
Section 78-A grants the Department Head authority to confiscate illegally collected forest products.
Section 78-B rewards informants for information leading to convictions through up to 20% of confiscated proceeds.

ENIPAS Act (Expanded National Integrated Protected Areas System)

The ENIPAS Act features 94 protected areas classified as national parks, with defined boundaries and new areas governed by management plans.
It empowers local communities and recognizes Indigenous territories while allowing for renewable energy development and tax exemptions.
The act imposes higher fines for violations and emphasizes responsibilities for local government units (LGUs).

Important Provisions of ENIPAS Act

Includes provisions recognizing tenured migrants and stipulating transfer rights to family members.
Establishes an inventory of existing facilities within protected areas, allowing for conditions on those that may be harmful to conservation efforts.
Special uses within protected areas may only be granted outside of strict zones, contingent on management plan consistency and environmental clearance.

Mining Operations Distinction

Large-scale mining involves heavy equipment and is regulated by the DENR and the Mines and Geosciences Bureau.
Small-scale mining is regulated locally, often involving artisanal tools and subject to local government oversight.

Permits and Agreements in Mining

The process requires non-renewable exploration and mineral agreements with terms up to 25 years, with potential renewals.
After 50 years, mining operations can transition to government control or a new contractor selected through public bidding.

Prohibited Acts

The Revised Act includes specific sections prohibiting unauthorized activities in mineral exploration and extraction, reinforcing environmental protection standards.

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Description

This quiz explores the essential principles of green laws focused on the protection, conservation, and development of natural resources and wildlife. It also discusses related concepts like REDD+ and deforestation. Test your understanding of these critical environmental regulations and their impact on sustainability.