Questions and Answers
What characterizes the Doric Order in Greek architecture?
What is the Ionic Order known for?
Spiral volute elements in its capital.
What is the main feature of the Corinthian Order?
Elaborately decorated capital with acanthus leaf carvings.
What is the purpose of the naos (cella) in a temple?
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What does 'peripteral' refer to in Greek classical architecture?
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What is a stylobate?
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Define 'stereobate' in the context of Greek architecture.
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What is a pediment?
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What is entasis in classical architecture?
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What are caryatids?
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What does elevation refer to in architecture?
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What is an entablature?
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What is a column shaft?
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What are flutes in classical architecture?
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What are drums in the context of columns?
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What are capitals in architecture?
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Who are Iktinos and Kallikrates?
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What is an abacus in classical architecture?
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What is an architrave?
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What is a frieze in architecture?
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What was the Panathenaic Procession?
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Study Notes
Doric Order
- Oldest and simplest classical Greek architectural order.
- Features heavy fluted columns with plain, saucer-shaped capitals and no base.
Ionic Order
- Developed in the Greek colonies of Asia Minor during the 6th century BCE.
- Identified by spiral volute elements on its capital and dentils in the cornice.
- Fluted columns are thinner and smaller, resting on a molded base.
- Entablature composed of three-fascia architrave, richly ornamented frieze, and cornice.
Corinthian Order
- Most ornate and embellished order, featuring a decorated capital with acanthus leaves.
- Developed in the 4th century BCE; more common in Roman architecture.
- Similar to Ionic but typically more slender.
Naos (Cella)
- Inner sanctum of an ancient temple, housing the main cult image.
Peripteral
- Refers to a colonnade of a single row of columns encircling the cella and porches of a temple.
Stylobate
- The uppermost platform course that supports the columns of a Greek temple, featuring steps on all sides.
Stereobate
- The foundational steps of a Greek temple, supporting the structure above.
Pediment
- Triangular space between the horizontal entablature and a sloping roof, often adorned with ornamental sculpture.
Entasis
- A slight bulge in the center of a column, correcting the visual illusion of concave tapering.
Caryatids
- Sculpted female figures that act as columns, supporting an entablature.
Elevation
- Side view of a vertical external wall of a building.
Entablature
- Horizontal component supported by columns or walls, consisting of an architrave, frieze, and cornice.
Column Shaft
- The vertical section of a column located between its capital and base.
Flutes
- Parallel concave grooves that embellish columns and furniture legs.
Drums
- Cylindrical stone blocks that make up a column.
Capitals
- Architectural elements that crown each column.
Iktinos and Kallikrates
- Prominent architects credited with the design of the Parthenon in Athens during Pericles' rule around 440 BCE.
Abacus
- A thick rectangular slab of stone atop a capital, providing support for the architrave.
Architrave
- The lowest component of a classical entablature, designed as a square beam.
Frieze
- A decorative band located above the architrave, typically featuring relief sculptures.
Panathenaic Procession
- A significant event every four years in Athens, featuring a procession to present a robe to the statue of Athena.
- Celebrated during the Panathenaea festival; depicted in the Parthenon’s ionic frieze.
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Description
Explore the essential architectural styles of ancient Greece with these flashcards. Learn about the Doric and Ionic Orders, their characteristics, and their significance in classical architecture. Perfect for students of art history and architecture.