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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the Andron in a Greek house?
What is the primary purpose of the Andron in a Greek house?
- A dining area for men (correct)
- A room for storing artifacts
- A living space for children
- A kitchen area
Terracotta bathtubs were rare in larger Greek houses.
Terracotta bathtubs were rare in larger Greek houses.
False (B)
What is a Klismos chair characterized by?
What is a Klismos chair characterized by?
An open square seat made of wooden members with outward-curving legs.
The __________ order in classical architecture is known for its slender fluted columns and elaborate capitals.
The __________ order in classical architecture is known for its slender fluted columns and elaborate capitals.
Match the architectural elements to their descriptions:
Match the architectural elements to their descriptions:
Which material likely webbed the seat of the Klismos chair?
Which material likely webbed the seat of the Klismos chair?
The Roman Empire had no influence from Greek architecture.
The Roman Empire had no influence from Greek architecture.
What is the significance of the second courtyard in larger Greek houses?
What is the significance of the second courtyard in larger Greek houses?
What is a Groin Vault formed from?
What is a Groin Vault formed from?
A dome requires support around its perimeter.
A dome requires support around its perimeter.
What material did the Romans use in their construction that included volcanic ash?
What material did the Romans use in their construction that included volcanic ash?
The ___________ is defined as an open-air venue used for performances and entertainments.
The ___________ is defined as an open-air venue used for performances and entertainments.
Roman temples predominantly featured open spaces without any artificial lighting.
Roman temples predominantly featured open spaces without any artificial lighting.
What architectural feature supported the tiers of seating in amphitheatres?
What architectural feature supported the tiers of seating in amphitheatres?
Match the following Roman architectural terms with their descriptions:
Match the following Roman architectural terms with their descriptions:
What architectural style is referred to as 'Norman' in England?
What architectural style is referred to as 'Norman' in England?
The naves of Durham Cathedral feature pointed arches that are indicative of Gothic architecture.
The naves of Durham Cathedral feature pointed arches that are indicative of Gothic architecture.
What element of Durham Cathedral serves to hide the roof structure?
What element of Durham Cathedral serves to hide the roof structure?
The ______ is the entrance area located at the far end from the main altar in early Christian churches.
The ______ is the entrance area located at the far end from the main altar in early Christian churches.
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
What feature adds visual activity to the round piers in Durham Cathedral?
What feature adds visual activity to the round piers in Durham Cathedral?
The Abbey church of La Madeleine in Vezalay is known for its high, light interior and uninterrupted view from the narthex to the apse.
The Abbey church of La Madeleine in Vezalay is known for its high, light interior and uninterrupted view from the narthex to the apse.
What significant architectural feature is identified in Vezalay's church architecture that contributes to the definition of the three bays?
What significant architectural feature is identified in Vezalay's church architecture that contributes to the definition of the three bays?
What is the primary function of a clerestory in a church?
What is the primary function of a clerestory in a church?
The nave of a church is typically wider than it is high.
The nave of a church is typically wider than it is high.
What shape does a cruciform church take?
What shape does a cruciform church take?
A typical Stave church has a ground plan of approximately _____ feet.
A typical Stave church has a ground plan of approximately _____ feet.
Which of the following describes a tympanum in architectural terms?
Which of the following describes a tympanum in architectural terms?
Match the following churches with their notable features:
Match the following churches with their notable features:
The upper aisles in the Church of S.Foy are covered with flat roofs.
The upper aisles in the Church of S.Foy are covered with flat roofs.
What is the purpose of a triforium in a church?
What is the purpose of a triforium in a church?
What material replaced wood in the construction of early castles for better durability?
What material replaced wood in the construction of early castles for better durability?
Tower houses were designed with rooms stacked vertically inside.
Tower houses were designed with rooms stacked vertically inside.
What is the purpose of a dais in a castle hall?
What is the purpose of a dais in a castle hall?
The __________ is the central most defensible part of a castle.
The __________ is the central most defensible part of a castle.
Match the following castle components with their descriptions:
Match the following castle components with their descriptions:
What innovation was added later to enhance comfort within the castle hall?
What innovation was added later to enhance comfort within the castle hall?
The outer curtain is the innermost wall of a castle.
The outer curtain is the innermost wall of a castle.
What is indicated by an arched fireplace in a castle hall?
What is indicated by an arched fireplace in a castle hall?
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Study Notes
Greek Domestic Architecture
- Andron, or Andronitis, is a men's area in a Greek house for social events featuring food and wine.
- Oecus serves as a multipurpose living space, typically for the male owner and his friends.
- Beyond the court, women's and children's areas include kitchens and bedrooms.
- Terracotta bathtubs were common, while rooms often had plain white walls and earthy or tiled floors.
- Klismos chair was designed uniquely with a wooden frame and outward-curved legs, highlighting its lightweight structure.
Roman Influence
- Roman architecture was heavily influenced by Greek designs, integrating Etruscan elements.
- The Tuscan order features a simplified Doric column, important in Roman architecture.
- The Corinthian order, noted for ornate decorations, includes fluted columns with intricate capitals.
- Groin vaults, formed by the intersection of two barrel vaults, minimized support requirements to corners.
- Domes provide circular ceilings requiring support only at their base.
Amphitheatres and Baths
- Amphitheatres are open-air venues featuring semicircular seating around stage structures and utilize arches and barrel vaults for seating support.
- Roman baths had complex interiors with various spaces, utilizing hypocaust heating systems for steam and hot water.
- Bath sequences include Tepidarium (warm), Caldarium (hot), and Frigidarium (cold).
Religious and Civic Structures
- Roman temples, although less emphasized, incorporate features from Ionic and Corinthian architectures and use composite orders.
- Example: Maison Carree in Nimes features barrel-vaulted roofs and classical design.
Romanesque Architecture in England
- Norman architecture in England is similar to Romanesque, characterized by massive columns and semicircular arches, seen in Durham Cathedral.
- Abbey Church of La Madeleine in Vezelay exemplifies Burgundian Romanesque with groin vaulting and sophisticated stonework.
- Narthex serves as an entrance area in early Christian churches, while clerestory windows allow natural light.
Scandinavian Architecture
- Stave churches in Scandinavia, built from wood between 1000 and 1200, feature semicircular arches and intricate carvings.
- Borgund Church represents the typical Stave churches with a modest footprint yet impressive height.
Fortresses and Castles
- Early castles evolved from simple wooden structures on mounds to fortified stone buildings.
- Castle keeps contained several stories for easy defense; as military techniques advanced, castles were enhanced with towers and gates.
- Keeps, central to a castle's defense, provided a last stand location during sieges.
Castle Components
- Inner ward is the main courtyard surrounded by fortifications; inner and outer gates manage access.
- Moats provided an additional layer of defense, often filled with water.
- Key architectural features include a great stone arch for support, fireplaces for cooking, and raised dais for prominent seating.
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