Greek History: Bronze/Dark Ages to Classical Period
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Minoan Civilization

A Bronze Age civilization that flourished on the island of Crete from roughly 12,000 to 1450 BC. They are known for their advanced culture, impressive architecture, and intricate writing system known as Linear A.

Mycenaean Civilization

A Bronze Age civilization that arose on the mainland of Greece around 1600 BC. They are known for their powerful warrior culture, fortified cities, and their use of a writing system called Linear B.

Dark Ages in Ancient Greece

A period of decline and fragmentation in Greece that followed the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization around 1100 BC. It was marked by a decrease in population, trade, and literacy. It is theorized that the Mycenaean civilization succumbed to both internal strife and external pressures, thus launching Greece into a period of chaos.

Hoplite Phalanx

A military formation used by the Greeks during the Archaic period, consisting of heavily armed infantrymen standing shoulder to shoulder in a rectangular shape. This formation was critical in ensuring Greek dominance in warfare.

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Tyranny in Ancient Greece

A form of government in which a single ruler, known as a tyrant, seized power through force or popular support. Tyrants often ruled with a strong hand, but could sometimes be popular leaders, bringing stability or prosperity.

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Study Notes

Greek History: Bronze/Dark Ages

  • Minoans (12000-1450 BC) on Crete, Crete was the first Greek area to be settled. They were destroyed by Mycenaeans.
  • Mycenaeans (1600-1100 BC) were on mainland Greece. They used Linear A and B writing, and were known for the Mask of Agamemnon.
  • Dark Ages (post-Mycenaean) marked fragmentation of Greek culture.

Archaic Period

  • Hoplite phalanx, a fighting style, was developed.
  • Religion, through cults like Epidavros, was important.
  • Olympic games emerged, oracles like Delphi were significant.
  • Trade and colonization were prevalent.
  • A shift to tyranny as a form of government, with figures like Peisistratus in Athens.
  • Democracy emerged in Athens

Classical Period

  • Persian Wars (mid 6th century BC) led to significant conflicts.
  • Greek victories against Persia, notably the Battle of Marathon
  • Athenian democracy flourished
  • Sparta's rule of the Messenians and use of helots.
  • Xerxes continued conflicts with Greece.

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Explore the fascinating journey of Greek history from the Bronze and Dark Ages through the Archaic and Classical periods. This quiz covers key civilizations such as the Minoans and Mycenaeans, the development of warfare and democracy, and the major conflicts like the Persian Wars. Test your knowledge about the cultural and political evolution of ancient Greece.

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