Gravitational Physics Concepts and Definitions

Escape Velocity = The minimum speed needed for an object to break free from a gravitational field Gravitational Potential = The work done per unit mass to bring an object from infinity to a specified point Kepler's Laws = Three laws that describe the motion of planets around the Sun Newton's Law of Gravitation = A law stating that every mass attracts every other mass with a force proportional to the product of their masses

$v_e = oot{2gR}$ = Calculating escape velocity $g = rac{GM}{r^2}$ = Finding acceleration due to gravity at distance $r$ $U = -rac{GMm}{r}$ = Determining gravitational potential energy $T^2 = rac{4eta^3}{GM}$ = Describing the period of a planet's orbit

kg = Mass m/s^2 = Acceleration due to gravity J/kg = Gravitational potential N = Force of gravitational attraction

<p>At Sea Level = Standard value of $g$ as approximately $9.81 ext{ m/s}^2$ At High Altitude = Value of $g$ decreases with increasing altitude At Depth Inside Earth = Value of $g$ decreases as you go deeper On the Moon = Value of $g$ is about $1.6 ext{ m/s}^2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kepler = Formulated laws of planetary motion Newton = Developed the law of universal gravitation Einstein = Introduced the theory of relativity affecting gravitational fields Cavendish = Conducted experiments to determine the density of the Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If speed of the moon increases by 42% = The moon will no longer orbit the Earth Two masses producing maximum gravitational force = Their distance should be minimized Communication satellite = Remains stationary above a fixed point on Earth Solid sphere falling freely = Acceleration does not depend on mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Satellite of mass m = Revolves around the Earth in a circular orbit Planet with radius twice that of Earth = Has a linear relationship with two bodies' velocities Body projected with half escape speed = Will rise to a specific altitude before falling back Object on Earth's surface with potential energy = Indicates its height and mass in the gravitational field</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance from Earth's Center = Inversely affects gravitational force Mass of the object = Does not influence acceleration due to gravity Radius of the planet = Directly relates to gravitational force exerted Density of the planet = Leads to different escape velocities for objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minimum speed to escape Earth's gravity = Escape Velocity Velocity of a planet in a circular orbit = Depends on radius and mass ratio Velocity increase on angle projection = Increases likelihood of reaching orbit Velocity of a falling object = Remains constant regardless of shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factors affecting gravitational acceleration = Mass and Distance from the center Calculating momentum of a satellite = Mass times velocity in orbit Graphing acceleration with distance = Shows variability based on Earth's shape Communication satellite positioning = Geostationary above equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gravitational potential at distance r = V = -GM/r Momentum formula for circular motion = p = mv Acceleration due to gravity at latitude = g = g0 * cos(latitude) Max gravitational force relation = F = G(m₁*m₂)/r²</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A solid sphere's fall = Inertia only influenced by gravity Gravitational intensity calculation = Based on rod mass and distance Increasing moon's speed = Disruption of its orbit Communication satellite location = Fixed relative to Earth's spin</p> Signup and view all the answers