Grammar: Parts of Speech

Nouns: words that refer to people, places, things, and ideas
- Proper nouns: names of specific people, places, and things (e.g. John, London, Amazon)
- Common nouns: general terms for people, places, and things (e.g. dog, city, book)
Verbs: words that express action or a state of being
- Action verbs: describe physical or mental action (e.g. run, think)
- Linking verbs: connect the subject to additional information (e.g. be, seem)
Adjectives: words that modify or describe nouns or pronouns
- Quantitative adjectives: describe quantity (e.g. three, five)
- Qualitative adjectives: describe quality (e.g. happy, blue)
Adverbs: words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
- Manner: describe how something is done (e.g. quickly, loudly)
- Time: describe when something is done (e.g. yesterday, soon)
- Place: describe where something is done (e.g. here, there)
Pronouns: words that replace nouns in a sentence
- Personal pronouns: replace nouns referring to people or things (e.g. he, she, it)
- Possessive pronouns: show ownership or relationship (e.g. my, your, his)
Prepositions: words that show relationships between words or phrases
- Words that indicate location (e.g. in, on, at)
- Words that indicate direction (e.g. to, from, up)

Plot: the sequence of events that make up the narrative
Character: the people or animals that drive the plot
Setting: the time and place in which the story takes place
Theme: the underlying message or idea explored in the story
Point of view: the perspective from which the story is told
- First person: from the perspective of a character
- Third person limited: from the perspective of an outside narrator, focused on one character
- Third person omniscient: from the perspective of an all-knowing narrator

Imagery: language that appeals to the senses (e.g. visual, auditory, tactile)
Symbolism: objects or colors that represent abstract ideas or concepts
Figurative language: language that goes beyond literal meaning (e.g. metaphor, simile, personification)
Irony: a contrast between what is expected and what actually occurs
Allusion: a reference to a person, place, event, or work of art outside the text

Plot is the sequence of events that make up the narrative
Characters are the people or animals that drive the plot
Setting is the time and place in which the story takes place
Theme is the underlying message or idea explored in the story
Point of view is the perspective from which the story is told
First-person point of view is from the perspective of a character
Third-person limited point of view is from the perspective of an outside narrator, focused on one character
Third-person omniscient point of view is from the perspective of an all-knowing narrator

Imagery is language that appeals to the senses
Symbolism is the use of objects or colors to represent abstract ideas or concepts
Figurative language goes beyond literal meaning
Irony is a contrast between what is expected and what actually occurs
Allusion is a reference to a person, place, event, or work of art outside the text