Gram-Positive Bacteria Review

What is the characteristic of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria?

Thin peptidoglycan layer
Variable peptidoglycan layer
No peptidoglycan layer
Thick peptidoglycan layer (correct)

What is the primary mode of transmission of Staphylococcus aureus?

Foodborne transmission
Vector-borne transmission
Airborne transmission
Direct contact through contaminated hands (correct)

What is the characteristic of Staphylococcus aureus colonies on blood agar?

b-hemolytic (correct)
Gamma-hemolytic
Alpha-hemolytic
Beta-hemolytic

What is the function of endospores in Gram-positive bacteria?

To allow survival in harsh environmental conditions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Staphylococcus aureus regarding salt tolerance?

Halotolerant (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical habitat of Staphylococcus aureus?

Human nose and skin (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors is responsible for detoxifying hydrogen peroxide?

Catalase (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fibrinolysin (staphylokinase) in Staphylococcus aureus?

Dissolves fibrin clots (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following toxins is responsible for causing epidermal separation in Staphylococcus aureus?

Exfoliatin A and B (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of protein A in Staphylococcus aureus?

Prevents complement activation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Staphylococcus aureus?

Possesses penicillinase enzyme (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors is responsible for causing food poisoning?

Enterotoxins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus?

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Staphylococcus epidermidis colonies on blood agar?

Whitish and non-hemolytic (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where is Staphylococcus epidermidis predominantly found in the human body?

Nasal passage and sweaty areas (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of Staphylococcus epidermidis virulence?

Biofilm formation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common disease caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis?

Prosthetic valve endocarditis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm?

Polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What shape are streptococci?

Spherical (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the habitat of Streptococcus pyogenes?

Human throat (oropharynx) and skin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hyaluronidase?

Degrades hyaluronic acid (spreading factor) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for producing scarlet fever?

Erythrogenic toxin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of M protein?

Molecular mimicry (ARF) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is elevated in antecedent pharyngitis?

Antistreptolysin O (ASO) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Staphylococcus epidermidis are methicillin-resistant?

Over 50% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Staphylococcus saprophyticus colonies on blood agar?

Whitish, non-hemolytic (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common risk factor for getting a UTI in women, especially before menopause?

Sexual intercourse (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for pain during urination?

Dysuria (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the antibiotic of choice for treating Staphylococcus saprophyticus infections?

TMP-SMX (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bacteria that Staphylococcus saprophyticus is often compared to?

E. coli (B) Signup and view all the answers