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Questions and Answers
Which type of cells are Gram-positive bacteria?
Which type of cells are Gram-positive bacteria?
- Prokaryotic cells (correct)
- Neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic cells
- Eukaryotic cells
- Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
What characterizes Gram-negative cells?
What characterizes Gram-negative cells?
- Membrane-bound nucleus is present (correct)
- Cells are smaller in size
- Single chromosome is present
- Membrane-bound organelles are absent
What is the function of mesosomes in Gram-positive bacteria?
What is the function of mesosomes in Gram-positive bacteria?
- Nitrogen fixation
- Protein synthesis
- Cell wall formation and DNA replication (correct)
- Photosynthesis
Which of the following is true about the plasma membrane in Gram-positive bacteria?
Which of the following is true about the plasma membrane in Gram-positive bacteria?
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Which structure in some bacteria is referred to as a capsule?
Which structure in some bacteria is referred to as a capsule?
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What feature helps motile bacteria in substance transport?
What feature helps motile bacteria in substance transport?
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Study Notes
Gram-Positive Bacteria
- Prokaryotic cells with no membrane-bound nucleus
- Smaller in size with a single chromosome
- Lack membrane-bound organelles
- Glycocalyx can be present as a loose sheath (slime layer) or a thick and tough capsule
- Cell wall determines the shape of the cell and provides structural support to prevent bursting or collapsing
- Plasma membrane is semi-permeable with mesosomes (vesicles, tubules, and lamellae) that:
- Help in cell wall formation
- Assist in DNA replication and distribution to daughter cells
- Interact with the outside world
- Participate in the re-secretion process to increase surface area and enzymatic content
Gram-Negative Bacteria
- NOT Eukaryotic cells (this is incorrect, Gram-Negative bacteria are still Prokaryotes)
- Still lack membrane-bound nucleus
- Larger in size compared to Gram-Positive bacteria
- Still have a single chromosome
- Still lack membrane-bound organelles
Structures
- Mesosome: a type of plasma membrane
- In prokaryotes, membranes other than the plasma membrane contain proteins
- Motile bacteria have 4 fimbriae, which help transport substances
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