Gram-Positive Bacteria Classification

<p>From infected mother at birth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rheumatic fever (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lancet-shaped, in pairs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E.faecalis and E.faecium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are part of the main oral flora. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lead to a green pigment formation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be classified into cocci and rods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Family should be italicized, genus should start with a capital letter. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clostridium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Morphologic and biochemical characteristics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococci and Enterococci. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They produce a complete lysis of red blood cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diphtheria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causes food poisoning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clostridium difficile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemorrhagic lymphadenitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dairy products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary anthrax (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diphtheria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Painless black malignant pustule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subacute bacterial endocarditis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At-risk patients with valvular disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An accumulation of fibrin, bacteria, and blood platelets on diseased valves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus aureus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infections related to prosthetic implants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hospital-acquired infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cystitis in women (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the most virulent species within its genus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myonecrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can cause spastic paralysis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to the organism directly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spastic paralysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contamination via small wounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudomembranous colitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes flaccid paralysis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To cause spastic paralysis by affecting the nervous system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A group of bacteria characterized by a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls, which retains a crystal violet stain during the Gram stain process.

Gram-positive bacteria that are spherical in shape.

Gram-positive bacteria that are rod-shaped and can create dormant structures (spores) when conditions are unfavorable for growth.

Gram-positive bacteria that are rod-shaped but do not form spores.

Streptococci that create a green ring surrounding bacterial colonies on blood agar, indicating a chemical change in hemoglobin.

Streptococci that create a clear ring around bacterial colonies on blood agar, reflecting complete lysis (breakdown) of red blood cells.

The systematic grouping of bacteria based on morphology (shape) and biochemical characteristics.

Using an internationally recognized system to name and classify microorganisms. Italicize family, genus, species, and variety/subspecies. Capitalize the first letter of the family and genus. Capitalize kingdom, phylum, class, order, and suborder.

Streptococci that don't change the color of blood agar and don't break down red blood cells.

A system for classifying streptococci based on polysaccharide antigens in their cell walls. It's particularly important for β-hemolytic streptococci.

Streptococci that are part of the Lancefield Group A and cause complete lysis of red blood cells on blood agar.

The most common and clinically important member of Group A β-hemolytic streptococci. It causes a wide range of infections, including skin and throat infections.

Streptococci that are part of the Lancefield Group B and cause complete lysis of red blood cells on blood agar. They can cause serious infections in newborns.

The most common member of Group B β-hemolytic streptococci. It's found in the vaginal, urethral, and gastrointestinal tracts.

A gram-positive bacterium that causes a variety of infections like pneumonia, otitis media, and meningitis.

A group of bacteria that can be γ, β, or non-hemolytic. Important species include E. faecalis and E. faecium.

An inflammation of the heart's inner lining (endocardium) caused by bacteria that infect damaged or abnormal heart valves.

Antibiotic treatment given to prevent infection before procedures, particularly in patients with vulnerable heart valves.

A tissue growth that forms on a damaged heart valve, composed of fibrin, bacteria, and blood components.

A type of bacteria known for causing various infections, including skin infections, food poisoning, and toxic shock syndrome.

A less virulent type of staphylococcus commonly associated with infections related to medical implants and prosthetic devices.

A less virulent staphylococcus that primarily causes urinary tract infections, especially in women.

A group of staphylococcal species that generally lack the coagulase enzyme, often associated with hospital-acquired infections, particularly related to implants and catheters.

Inflammation of the bladder, often caused by bacterial infections.

A ubiquitous, rod-shaped, gram-positive bacterium that can cause gas gangrene and food poisoning.

Dormant forms of C. perfringens that are resistant to harsh environments, found in soil.

A bacterium that produces the highly toxic botulinum toxin, causing botulism, a rare but life-threatening neuroparalytic disease.

A severe neuroparalytic disease caused by the botulinum toxin produced by C. botulinum.

A bacterium that produces a powerful neurotoxin causing tetanus, a spastic paralysis disease.

A disease caused by C. tetani, characterized by muscle spasms and stiffness, often in the jaw muscles.

A serious intestinal condition caused by C. difficile, often a complication of antimicrobial therapy.

A bacterium that can cause diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis, often after antibiotic use.

A gram-positive rod that causes diphtheria, a serious respiratory or skin infection that can be fatal.

A gram-positive rod that can cause serious infections like septicemia and meningitis, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems or pregnant women.

Anthrax is a serious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, which is a spore-forming gram-positive rod.

Cutaneous anthrax begins as a painless black sore that forms on the skin after exposure to bacteria or spores. It can spread to lymph nodes and the bloodstream, leading to potentially fatal septicemia.

Pulmonary anthrax, also known as "woolsorter's disease", is a serious respiratory infection caused by inhaling spores of Bacillus anthracis. It can lead to severe inflammation of the lymph nodes and has a high mortality rate if left untreated.

Clostridia are a group of anaerobic gram-positive rods that can cause various serious diseases, including tetanus, botulism, gas gangrene, and diarrhea. They are responsible for tissue destruction and are often associated with infections in wounds or compromised tissues.