59 Questions
What is the unique shape of Actinomyces based on spores' position and branches' presence?
Irregular, branching gram-positive rods
Which of the following genera of Gram-positive bacilli is an obligate anaerobe?
Clostridium
What is the main reservoir of Bacillus cereus?
Domestic animals, soil, and rice grains
Which toxin produced by Bacillus cereus resembles staphylococcal enterotoxin?
Heat-labile enterotoxin
How is Bacillus cereus food poisoning typically transmitted?
Eating reheated rice
What are the main symptoms of Bacillus cereus food poisoning?
Nausea, vomiting, and non-bloody diarrhea
What is the causative agent of pseudomembranous colitis?
Clostridium difficile
Which of the following bacteria is associated with abscesses and draining sinus tracts?
Actinomyces israelii
What is the habitat of Nocardia asteroides?
Soil
Which of the following bacteria is aerobic and weakly acid-fast?
Nocardia asteroides
What is the mode of transmission for Clostridium difficile?
Fecal-oral
What disease is caused by Bacillus anthracis?
Anthrax
How is the diphtheria toxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae characterized?
It causes a grayish membrane to form on the throat
What is the primary mode of transmission for Listeria monocytogenes?
Ingestion of unpasteurized milk products or raw vegetables
Which organism causes tetanus and produces the tetanospasmin exotoxin?
Clostridium tetani
What toxin is responsible for causing gas gangrene in Clostridium perfringens infections?
Alpha toxin (lecithinase)
Which organism is associated with food poisoning due to the production of an enterotoxin?
Clostridium perfringens
What is the characteristic morphology of Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
Club-shaped, gram-positive rods arranged in V or L shapes
What is the primary habitat of Clostridium botulinum?
Soil
Which organism exhibits the phenomenon of 'cold enhancement,' where it grows well at cold temperatures?
Listeria monocytogenes
What is the primary mode of transmission for Clostridium tetani?
Traumatic breaks in the skin
What is the main habitat of Clostridium difficile?
Human colon
How is Actinomyces israelii primarily transmitted to cause actinomycosis?
Airborne particles inhaled into the lungs
What distinguishes Nocardia asteroides from Clostridium difficile and Actinomyces israelii in terms of Gram staining?
Gram-positive filamentous, branching rods
Which bacterium is known for causing brain abscesses and is primarily found in the soil?
Nocardia asteroides
In which setting is pelvic actinomycosis often predisposed to occur?
Retained intrauterine device
Which of the following Gram-positive bacilli is an obligate aerobe?
Bacillus
Which toxin produced by Bacillus cereus resembles cholera toxin?
One of the two toxins it produces
What is the primary reservoir of Bacillus cereus?
Soil, domestic animals, and rice grains
How does the characteristic shape of Corynebacterium species appear?
V or L club-shaped
Which of the following genera is known for its irregular, branching Gram-positive rods?
Actinomyces
Which mode of transmission is typically associated with Bacillus cereus food poisoning?
Consuming reheated rice
Which disease is characterized by a painless ulcer with a black eschar and local edema?
Cutaneous anthrax
What is the characteristic symptom of pulmonary anthrax?
Bloody pleural effusions and septic shock
Which form of anthrax is characterized by vomiting, abdominal pain, and bloody diarrhea?
Gastrointestinal anthrax
What is the characteristic appearance of the throat in diphtheria?
Grayish membrane that bleeds when removed
Which organism is responsible for causing meningitis and sepsis in newborns and immunocompromised adults?
Listeria monocytogenes
What is the primary mode of transmission for Listeria monocytogenes?
Ingestion of unpasteurized milk products
Which disease is caused by the exotoxin tetanospasmin produced by Clostridium tetani?
Tetanus
What is the characteristic morphology of Clostridium tetani under the microscope?
Gram-positive rods with a terminal spore
Which toxin is responsible for causing gas gangrene in Clostridium perfringens infections?
Alpha toxin (lecithinase)
What is the primary habitat of Clostridium botulinum?
Soil
What is the primary habitat of Nocardia asteroides?
Soil
What is the main mode of transmission for Actinomyces israelii causing actinomycosis?
Airborne particles
Which bacterium is responsible for causing lung and brain abscesses and is transmitted via airborne particles?
Nocardia asteroides
Which disease is predisposed to pelvic actinomycosis, especially in cases of retained intrauterine devices?
Actinomycosis
What is the characteristic morphology of Nocardia asteroides under the microscope?
Aerobic Gram-positive filamentous branching rods
Which of the following Gram-positive bacilli is classified as an obligate anaerobe?
Bacillus anthracis
What distinguishes Actinomyces from other Gram-positive rods based on its shape?
Branching filaments appearance
Which Bacillus species is primarily an obligate aerobe?
Bacillus anthracis
What is the main reservoir of Listeria monocytogenes?
Seafood
Which Gram-positive bacillus exhibits 'cold enhancement' phenomenon, growing well at cold temperatures?
Actinomyces
What is the characteristic appearance of Corynebacterium based on spores' position and branches' presence?
'V' or 'L' club-shaped appearance
What is the initial symptom of Diphtheria caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
High temperature and chills
Which disease is characterized by symptoms resembling influenza and rapidly progressing to hemorrhagic mediastinitis and septic shock?
Anthrax
How is Listeria monocytogenes primarily transmitted to cause sepsis in neonates and gastroenteritis?
Consumption of unpasteurized milk products
What distinguishes Clostridium tetani in terms of spore position compared to other organisms?
Terminal spore
Which bacterium is known for causing gas gangrene due to its alpha toxin, along with food poisoning?
Clostridium perfringens
What is the habitat of Bacillus cereus, known for causing food poisoning?
Soil and human colon
Test your knowledge on diseases caused by Gram positive bacilli, their diagnosis, and management. Learn about the classification of Gram-positive rods, including important genera like Bacillus, Clostridium, Corynebacterium, Listeria, and Gardnerella.
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