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Questions and Answers
Which species of Neisseria is responsible for gonorrhea?
Which species of Neisseria is responsible for gonorrhea?
What type of bacteria is Neisseria classified as?
What type of bacteria is Neisseria classified as?
Which of the following is NOT a method of transmission for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Which of the following is NOT a method of transmission for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Which clinical sample commonly shows N. gonorrhoeae inside polymorphonuclear leukocytes?
Which clinical sample commonly shows N. gonorrhoeae inside polymorphonuclear leukocytes?
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What type of organism is Neisseria meningitidis a frequent cause of?
What type of organism is Neisseria meningitidis a frequent cause of?
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Which of the following pairs of Neisseria species are indistinguishable under the microscope?
Which of the following pairs of Neisseria species are indistinguishable under the microscope?
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What characteristic of N. gonorrhoeae defines its physical appearance?
What characteristic of N. gonorrhoeae defines its physical appearance?
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae is primarily associated with which type of infections?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is primarily associated with which type of infections?
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Which of the following genera includes organisms that can cause infections in both the gastrointestinal tract and outside of it?
Which of the following genera includes organisms that can cause infections in both the gastrointestinal tract and outside of it?
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What characteristic do all gastrointestinal Gram-negative rods share?
What characteristic do all gastrointestinal Gram-negative rods share?
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Which organism is commonly known for causing infections in the respiratory system and joints?
Which organism is commonly known for causing infections in the respiratory system and joints?
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Which of the following pathogens is considered opportunistic?
Which of the following pathogens is considered opportunistic?
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What is the primary mode of transmission for organisms causing gastrointestinal diseases?
What is the primary mode of transmission for organisms causing gastrointestinal diseases?
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Which feature is commonly associated with E. coli that aids in its pathogenicity?
Which feature is commonly associated with E. coli that aids in its pathogenicity?
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Which of the following is mainly recognized for causing primarily gastrointestinal diseases?
Which of the following is mainly recognized for causing primarily gastrointestinal diseases?
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Which of the following is NOT a classic feature of acinetobacter species?
Which of the following is NOT a classic feature of acinetobacter species?
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What is the primary mode of transmission for intestinal diseases caused by E. coli?
What is the primary mode of transmission for intestinal diseases caused by E. coli?
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Which strain of E. coli is most commonly associated with severe bloody diarrhea due to its toxin production?
Which strain of E. coli is most commonly associated with severe bloody diarrhea due to its toxin production?
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What primarily increases the severity of infections from E. coli O104:H4?
What primarily increases the severity of infections from E. coli O104:H4?
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What is a common cause of diarrhea in infants associated with poor sanitation?
What is a common cause of diarrhea in infants associated with poor sanitation?
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Which condition is commonly caused by E. coli in sterile areas of the body?
Which condition is commonly caused by E. coli in sterile areas of the body?
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Which of the following E. coli strains leads to a dysentery-like syndrome?
Which of the following E. coli strains leads to a dysentery-like syndrome?
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What complication is associated with infections caused by EHEC, especially strain O157:H7?
What complication is associated with infections caused by EHEC, especially strain O157:H7?
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Which mechanism is commonly utilized by Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) for persistence in the host?
Which mechanism is commonly utilized by Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) for persistence in the host?
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Which organism is primarily responsible for neonatal meningitis within the first month of life?
Which organism is primarily responsible for neonatal meningitis within the first month of life?
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What is a common symptom associated with Salmonella gastroenteritis?
What is a common symptom associated with Salmonella gastroenteritis?
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Which characteristic is true of enteric (typhoid) fever caused by Salmonella serotype typhi?
Which characteristic is true of enteric (typhoid) fever caused by Salmonella serotype typhi?
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What type of lesions can Campylobacter cause in the intestine?
What type of lesions can Campylobacter cause in the intestine?
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What toxin is associated with Shigella species and contributes to its pathogenicity?
What toxin is associated with Shigella species and contributes to its pathogenicity?
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Which feature is characteristic of Vibrio organisms?
Which feature is characteristic of Vibrio organisms?
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Which of the following is a common symptom of Shigella infection?
Which of the following is a common symptom of Shigella infection?
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What is the typical clinical outcome for patients suffering from enteric (typhoid) fever?
What is the typical clinical outcome for patients suffering from enteric (typhoid) fever?
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What disease is primarily caused by members of the genus Brucella in humans?
What disease is primarily caused by members of the genus Brucella in humans?
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Which organism is most associated with respiratory tract infections?
Which organism is most associated with respiratory tract infections?
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Which of the following is NOT a known pathogen of humans?
Which of the following is NOT a known pathogen of humans?
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What kind of infections does Pseudomonas aeruginosa primarily cause?
What kind of infections does Pseudomonas aeruginosa primarily cause?
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Which genus is the causative agent of whooping cough?
Which genus is the causative agent of whooping cough?
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What is the primary clinical manifestation of full-blown cholera?
What is the primary clinical manifestation of full-blown cholera?
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Which species of Yersinia is known to cause bubonic plague?
Which species of Yersinia is known to cause bubonic plague?
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What type of motility is exhibited by members of the genus Helicobacter?
What type of motility is exhibited by members of the genus Helicobacter?
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What is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in infants and very young children?
What is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in infants and very young children?
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Which condition is caused by the genus Bordetella?
Which condition is caused by the genus Bordetella?
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What is a common characteristic of pneumonic plague during epidemics?
What is a common characteristic of pneumonic plague during epidemics?
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How does H.influenzae meningitis clinically present?
How does H.influenzae meningitis clinically present?
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Which species is not classified under the genus Yersinia?
Which species is not classified under the genus Yersinia?
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Study Notes
Gram-Negative Bacteria
- Gram-negative bacteria are a diverse group of bacteria
- Includes cocci and bacilli forms
- Some are straight, some are curved
- Includes enteric bacteria, respiratory organisms, zoonotic organisms, etc.
Cocci/Coccobacilli
-
Neisseria: Contains Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Causes gonorrhea, sexually transmitted
- Neisseria meningitidis: Causes meningitis; frequently in young children
- Moraxella: Non-motile, gram-negative coccobacilli
- Haemophilus: Causes infections of the respiratory system
- Bordatella: Whooping cough
- Brucella: Brucellosis (undulant fever)
Bacilli
- Campylobacter: Curved, spiral, or S-shaped organisms; causes gastroenteritis and enteritis, including traveler's diarrhea
- Helicobacter pylori: Curved or spiral organisms; causes gastritis, duodenal and gastric ulcers, stomach cancer
- Vibrio: Short, curved, rod-shaped organisms; causes cholera
- Enterobacteriaceae: A large family, including many pathogens of GI tract as well as those causing urinary tract infections
- Escherichia coli (E. coli): Part of the normal gut flora, but pathogenic strains exist, and can cause enteritis, meningitis
- Salmonella: Causes gastroenteritis and enteric (typhoid) fever
- Shigella:Causes shigellosis, characterized by bloody diarrhea
- Klebsiella: Causes urinary tract infections, pneumonia
- Proteus: Urinary tract infections
- Enterobacter: Urinary tract infections
- Serratia: Urinary tract or infections
Other Gram-Negative Bacteria
- Legionella: Intracellular parasites; causes infections of the respiratory tract
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Causes localized and systemic infections, important hospital acquired pathogen
- Acinetobacter: Important nosocomial pathogens and cause hospital acquired infections or sepsis
- Francisella tularensis: Causes tularemia (rabbit fever, deer fly fever)
-
Yersinia spp.: (Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pestis)
- Yersinia enterocolitica: Causes gastroenteritis and septicemia
- Yersinia pestis: Causes plague
Gram-negative Rods
- Bacteroides: Causes peritonitis
Overview
- All gram-negative rods found in the GI tract of humans or animals.
- Most are facultative anaerobes
- Many produce LPS (endotoxin)
- Contribute to gut microbiota
- Transmission of pathogens often by fecal contamination.
Clinical Significance
- Many strains are associated with different types of disease.
- Different diseases, such as meningitis or pneumonia, are caused by varied groups of gram-negative organisms.
- Pathogens can cause infections of intestines and urinary tract, or respiratory systems
Vaccines and Treatment
- Available vaccines vary by particular pathogen
- Treatment also varies with pathogen
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Description
Explore the diverse world of gram-negative bacteria, including key genera such as Neisseria, Moraxella, and Helicobacter. This quiz covers their forms, infections caused, and characteristics, shedding light on their significance in health and disease.
