Gram-Negative Bacteria Overview

<p>Francisella tularensis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brucellosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E. coli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yersinia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salmonella serotype typhi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-positive anaerobes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ulcerative inflammatory lesions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E.coli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shiga toxin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are important nosocomial pathogens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diarrhea with blood and mucus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipopolysaccharide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Curved, rod-shaped (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Klebsiella (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fimbriae or pili (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fecal contamination frequently plays a significant role. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polysaccharide capsule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe headache and vomiting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Profuse watery diarrhea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Via respiratory droplets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yersinia pestis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MCV4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can develop in less than twelve hours. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Induces acute gastritis and ulcers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bubonic/septicemic plague (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Young children (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conjugate vaccines target multiple serogroups. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haemophilus influenzae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dramatically decreased frequency of H.influenzae infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of encapsulated bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whooping cough (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They exhibit rapid corkscrew motility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greenish-yellow cervical discharge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrosis and infertility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ophthalmia neonatorum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Those in close contact settings like schools and military barracks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permanent blindness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythromycin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fulminant meningococcemia with circulatory collapse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is highly sensitive to dehydration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A bacterial infection that can cause various diseases, including gastroenteritis and typhoid fever.

Inflammation and infection of the lining of the intestines, typically caused by contaminated food or water.

A severe, life-threatening systemic illness caused by Salmonella typhi, characterized by fever, abdominal pain, and a potential rash.

Spiral-shaped bacteria that can infect the intestines, causing inflammation and ulcerative lesions.

A bacterial genus that causes shigellosis, a severe form of dysentery characterized by bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever.

Short, curved, rod-shaped bacteria that can cause various infections, including food poisoning, diarrhea, and wound infections.

A toxin produced by Shigella bacteria that has both damaging and toxic effects on the intestines.

A severe intestinal inflammation and infection characterized by bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever, commonly caused by Shigella species.

Meningococcal polysaccharide capsule is a critical factor for the bacteria's survival and infection. It prevents the host's immune cells from engulfing and destroying the bacteria.

N. meningitidis primarily colonizes the nasopharynx, causing a largely asymptomatic infection. However, in vulnerable individuals, it can spread through the bloodstream causing serious complications.

Meningitis is characterized by inflammation of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. This inflammation leads to severe symptoms like headache, stiff neck, sensitivity to light, and even coma.

Meningococci can rapidly multiply in the bloodstream, causing a life-threatening septicemia. This condition can lead to severe blood poisoning and damage to organs.

MCV4 is a vaccine that helps protect against meningococcal disease caused by serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y.

Meningococcal disease is any illness caused by Neisseria meningitidis. It can be prevented with vaccines like MenACWY and MenB.

Moraxella are gram-negative bacteria that typically appear in pairs. They are commonly found in the environment and can sometimes cause infection.

Meningococcemia is a rapid multiplication of meningococci in the bloodstream. It can lead to serious complications like meningitis and septicemia.

A genus of bacteria that includes Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis, which can cause gastrointestinal infections. It also includes Y. pestis, the causative agent of bubonic plague.

A member of the Enterobacteriaceae family that is responsible for plague, a serious infectious disease that can be spread through flea bites or direct contact with infected animals.

A common form of plague that often presents as swollen lymph nodes (buboes) in the groin, armpit, or neck.

A genus of bacteria known for its curved or spiral shape and ability to cause gastritis and ulcers in the stomach and duodenum.

A genus of bacteria known for its ability to cause meningitis, a serious infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

A genus of bacteria known for causing whooping cough, a highly contagious respiratory infection characterized by a distinctive cough.

A genus of bacteria famous for causing Legionnaires' disease, a type of pneumonia that can be severe.

A common bacterium that can cause meningitis, especially in infants and young children. A vaccine has significantly reduced the frequency of this infection.

These bacteria are a common cause of various infections, including respiratory, ear, eye, brain and spinal cord, and joint infections.

Acinetobacter are nonmotile, rod-shaped bacteria that are often found in hospitals and can cause infections, particularly in patients with weakened immune systems.

These bacteria are commonly found in the digestive system of humans and animals, and they can cause both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases.

Enteric gram-negative rods can cause diseases in both the digestive system and other parts of the body.

Escherichia coli is a common resident of the colon, but it can also cause infections both within and outside the digestive tract.

Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia are considered pathogens because they are the primary causes of specific diseases.

E. coli, Klebsiella, Serratia, Proteus, and Enterobacter are considered opportunistic pathogens because they can cause disease specifically in immunocompromised individuals.

E. coli has fimbriae, hair-like structures that help it attach to the lining of the digestive tract, and it produces acid and gas during fermentation.

Tiny hair-like structures found on the surface of some bacteria. They help attach the bacteria to surfaces like host cells, aiding in colonization and infection.

Gonococcal infection is characterized by a painful, yellow pus-like discharge from the urethra in males. Females experience a greenish-yellow discharge from the cervix, which may also lead to bleeding between periods. It can progress to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and even infertility.

Inflammation of the fallopian tubes, often a complication of gonorrhea infection in women. It can lead to scarring and infertility.

An infection of the conjunctiva (the membrane lining the eyelid) contracted by a newborn during birth from an infected mother. Untreated, it can lead to blindness.

A type of bacterial meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis. This infection can progress rapidly and cause a severe form of blood poisoning, circulatory collapse, and even death.

A serious blood infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis, characterized by rapid onset and severe symptoms like clotting problems, low blood pressure, and shock. While inflammation of the brain and spinal cord (meningitis) is not always present, this infection can be life-threatening.

Neisseria meningitidis is more likely to cause meningitis in crowded environments like schools, institutions, or military barracks, especially during colder months. Outbreaks are also more frequent in developing nations.

A type of pneumonia caused by Neisseria meningitidis, often characterized by high fever, coughing, and chest pain.

A genus of bacteria that primarily infects animals, causing a disease known as brucellosis, also called undulant fever. This zoonotic disease can be transmitted to humans from infected animals.

A species of bacteria that is widely distributed in the environment and is a significant opportunistic pathogen, often causing infections in hospitals (nosocomial infections).

A zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis, primarily affecting animals. It is also known as rabbit fever or deerfly fever because it can be transmitted through contact with infected animals or insects.

A genus of anaerobic gram-negative bacteria, known to cause peritonitis, an inflammation of the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity)