Gram-Negative Bacteria Cell Structure
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following describes the characteristics of prokaryotic organisms?

  • Small, simple, contains a true nucleus, divides by meiosis
  • Small, simple, no true nucleus, divides by binary fission (correct)
  • Large, complicated, no true nucleus, divides by binary fission
  • Large, complicated, contains a true nucleus, divides by mitosis

    • What is the approximate diameter of viruses?

  • 0.02-0.2 m (correct)
  • 3-10 m (yeasts)
  • 15-25 m (trophozoites)
  • 1-5 m

    • Which infectious agent has a nature of outer surface that includes protein capsid and lipoprotein envelope?

  • Bacteria
  • Viruses (correct)
  • Protozoa
  • Fungi

    • What is the method of replication for fungi?

    <p>Budding or mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of nucleus in bacteria?

    <p>None</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial structure is responsible for gram staining affinity (gram-positive or gram-negative)?

    <p>Peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate diameter of protozoa?

    <p>15-25 m (trophozoites)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is responsible for fever and shock caused by Gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>Lipid A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of porins in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion of small molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of DNA replication occurs in bacteria?

    <p>Semiconservative replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for resisting phagocytosis in some bacteria?

    <p>Capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of teichoic acids in bacterial cell walls?

    <p>Resistance to phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of state is formed by some Gram-positive bacteria when the surrounding environment is not safe?

    <p>Spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the Gram-negative cell wall is used to identify different strains and species in clinical labs?

    <p>Outer polysaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the outer layer of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>(Lipopolysaccharides) LPS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of growth occurs through cell division binary fission in bacteria?

    <p>Bacterial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial structure is composed of sedimentation co-efficient of 70S?

    <p>Ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria can survive in the presence or absence of oxygen?

    <p>Facultative anaerobic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gaseous requirement for Capnophilic bacteria?

    <p>Require CO2 only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pH range do most pathogenic bacteria grow best in?

    <p>pH 7.2 - 7.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the generation time of Lactobacillus acidophilus in milk?

    <p>66-87 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium has a generation time of 17 minutes in a glucose-salts medium?

    <p>Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oxygen requirement for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>Requires atmospheric O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria requires CO2 only for growth?

    <p>Capnophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature requirement for Staphylococcus aureus?

    <p>37°C - 38°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organisms does Microbiology deal with?

    <p>Organisms with medical relevance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the course objectives of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology?

    <p>Demonstrate various methods of sterilization and disinfection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'micro-organisms develop resistance' refer to?

    <p>Micro-organisms acquire the ability to tolerate adverse conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do beneficial microorganisms do?

    <p>Contribute to the well-being of humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a course objective of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology?

    <p>Demonstrate methods of DNA sequencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission of diseases studied in Medical Microbiology and Parasitology?

    <p>Inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Medical Microbiology?

    <p>Dealing with tiny organisms or microbes that cause diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key skills that students are expected to gain at the end of the course?

    <p>Interpreting results of basic laboratory tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you.' What does this quote imply about the course?

    <p>The course requires dedication and effort from students</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes harmful microorganisms from beneficial ones?

    <p>Lack of beneficial effects on humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Prokaryotic Organisms

    • Characteristics of prokaryotic organisms are described.

    Viruses

    • Diameter of viruses is approximately unknown.

    Infectious Agents

    • Outer surface of some infectious agents includes protein capsid and lipoprotein envelope.

    Fungi

    • Method of replication for fungi is unknown.

    Bacterial Structure

    • Type of nucleus in bacteria is absent.
    • Peptidoglycan layer is responsible for gram staining affinity (gram-positive or gram-negative).
    • Function of porins in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is to allow passage of certain molecules.
    • Type of DNA replication that occurs in bacteria is semi-conservative.
    • Structure responsible for resisting phagocytosis in some bacteria is capsule.
    • Function of teichoic acids in bacterial cell walls is to maintain cell wall structure and provide antigenic properties.
    • Type of state formed by some Gram-positive bacteria when the surrounding environment is not safe is spore.
    • O-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide is used to identify different strains and species in clinical labs.
    • Composition of the outer layer of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria is lipopolysaccharide.
    • Type of growth that occurs through cell division binary fission in bacteria is exponential.
    • Ribosomes are composed of sedimentation co-efficient of 70S.

    Bacterial Types

    • Type of bacteria that can survive in the presence or absence of oxygen is facultative anaerobe.
    • Gaseous requirement for Capnophilic bacteria is high CO2.
    • Most pathogenic bacteria grow best in pH range of 6.5-7.5.
    • Generation time of Lactobacillus acidophilus in milk is 1-2 hours.
    • Bacterium with a generation time of 17 minutes in a glucose-salts medium is E. coli.
    • Oxygen requirement for Mycobacterium tuberculosis is aerobic.
    • Type of bacteria that requires CO2 only for growth is Capnophilic bacteria.
    • Temperature requirement for Staphylococcus aureus is 37°C.

    Microbiology

    • Microbiology deals with microorganisms.
    • One of the course objectives of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology is to understand the biology of microorganisms.
    • Term 'micro-organisms develop resistance' refers to the ability of microorganisms to resist the effects of antimicrobial agents.
    • Beneficial microorganisms perform various functions, such as decomposition, nutrient cycling, and production of antibiotics.
    • Course objective of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology does not include the study of ecology.
    • Mode of transmission of diseases studied in Medical Microbiology and Parasitology is through direct contact, vectors, and contaminated food and water.
    • Primary focus of Medical Microbiology is the study of microorganisms that cause disease in humans.
    • One of the key skills that students are expected to gain at the end of the course is to understand the pathogenesis of microbial diseases.
    • Quote "Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you" implies that the course requires self-motivation and effort.
    • Harmful microorganisms are distinguished from beneficial ones by their ability to cause disease in humans.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about the structure of Gram-negative bacteria cells, including the composition of the cell wall, membranes, and periplasmic space.

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