Grade 8 Social Studies

Grade 8 Social Studies Textbook

Authors and Credits

• Authors: Tilahun Atlabachew T/Giorgis (M.A.), Melkamu Belay Tiruneh (B.A.), Kassahun Demissie Worku (M.A.), Mulugeta Dires Fetene (M.A.)
• Editors, Reviewers, and Evaluators: Belay Belete Birhanu (MA), Solomon Wondimu Metaferia (MA)
• Coordinator: Getachew Talema Atinafu
• Publisher: Addis Ababa City Administration Education Bureau, First edition 2022, Addis Ababa

Acknowledgment

• Ato Zelalem Mulatu, head of AAEB, for patient guidance, enthusiastic encouragement, and useful critiques
• Members of the management: Ato Adimassu Dechasa, Ato Dagnaw Gebru, Ato Samson Melese, W/ro Abebech Negash, Ato Sisay Endale, and Ato Desta Mersha for professional guidance, valuable support, and constructive recommendations
• Primary and secondary school principals for inspiring teachers to accomplish their duties

Contents

• UNIT 1: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EARTH
  • 1.1 Forces Shaping the Earth’s Surface
  • 1.2 Composition and Structures of the Earth’s Atmosphere
  • 1.3 Elements and Controls of Weather and Climate
• UNIT 2: PEOPLE AND SOCIOECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
  • 2.1 Cultural Diversity and Changes
  • 2.2 Major Economic Activities
  • 2.3 Trade and Market as the Current National and Local Concern
  • 2.4 Government Revenue and Tax
• UNIT 3: NATURAL RESOURCES AND SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
  • 3.1 Conservation and Utilization of Natural Resources for Sustainable Development
  • 3.2 Consequences of Unwise Utilization of Natural Resources
  • 3.3 Resource Accessibility and Resource-Based Conflicts
• UNIT 4: EARLY MODERN AND MODERN WORLD HISTORY
  • 4.1 The Great Geographical Discoveries
  • 4.2 Renaissance, Reformation, and Counter-reformation
  • 4.3 The Industrial Revolution
  • 4.4 The Two World Wars
  • 4.5 The Cold War
• UNIT 5: AFRICA SINCE THE 1500S
  • 5.1 Slavery and the Slave Trade
  • 5.2 Colonialism in Africa
  • 5.3 Independent African States and Moves towards Economic and Political Integration
• UNIT 6: MODERN HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA
  • 6.1 Formation of Modern Empire State
  • 6.2 Long Distance Trade and Medium of Exchange
  • 6.3 Ethiopia and the Outside World
  • 6.4 The Unity of Ethiopians in Defense of their Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity
• UNIT 7: CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL ISSUES
  • 7.1 Climate Change
  • 7.2 Water Shortage/Scarcity
  • 7.3 Deforestation