Grade 8 Science Chapter 1 - Plant Cell Diagram

Study Notes

Plant Cell Organelles

Endoplasmic Reticulum:
- Folded organelle responsible for protein synthesis.
- Acts as a transport network within the cell.
Golgi Apparatus:
- Combines proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
- Functions as a packaging and distribution center for proteins, sending them to various cell locations or outside the cell.
Mitochondria:
- Known as the powerhouses of the cell.
- Break down food particles to release stored energy, functioning as the energy currency of the cell.
Vacuole:
- Large, sac-like organelle used for storage.
- Holds excess food, waste products, and other substances important for cell homeostasis.
Cytoplasm:
- Jelly-like substance filling the cell.
- Provides a medium for the movement of food and oxygen to organelles.
Chloroplasts:
- Membrane-bound organelles containing chlorophyll.
- Conduct photosynthesis, converting sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen.
Ribosomes:
- Small organelles crucial for protein production.
- Primarily located in the cytoplasm, they assemble amino acids into proteins.
Cell Membrane:
- Thin, semi-permeable layer surrounding the cytoplasm and organelles.
- Regulates the entry and exit of materials, maintaining the cell's internal environment.
Nucleus:
- Large organelle acting as the control center of the cell.
- Regulates cell activities, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
Cell Wall:
- Rigid outer layer surrounding the cell membrane in plant cells.
- Provides structural support and protection, allowing selective passage of substances through its pores.