Grade 12 Global Citizenship Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of renewable resources?

They deplete at a faster rate than they are replaced.

They are always abundant and easy to obtain.

They can be used, reused, and replaced if managed carefully. (correct)

They include only fossil fuels and metals.

Which of the following is considered a non-renewable resource?

Coal (correct)

Solar energy

Wind

Trees

What practice is suggested to conserve trees?

Planting trees only once every decade.

Only allowing trees to grow without any cutting.

Coppicing and a continual cycle of planting trees. (correct)

Clear-cutting all trees at once.

What is a negative impact of mining non-renewable resources?

Climate change and environmental degradation. Signup and view all the answers

Which energy source is considered renewable?

Geothermal energy Signup and view all the answers

How are species conserved according to the content?

Through zoos and seed banks. Signup and view all the answers

Which resource is classified as finite and not renewable?

Fossil fuels Signup and view all the answers

What can happen to renewable resources if not managed properly?

They can be depleted completely. Signup and view all the answers

What are natural resources defined as?

Resources supplied by nature. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes renewable resources?

Resources that can be produced indefinitely. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about non-renewable resources?

They exist in a finite amount. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of conservation in the environment?

To maintain and wisely use natural resources. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a natural resource?

Plastic Signup and view all the answers

What does conservation biology focus on?

The protection and restoration of biodiversity. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource?

Timber Signup and view all the answers

Why is sustainable management of natural resources important?

It ensures long-term availability of resources. Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended method for conserving trees?

Coppicing and continual planting Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a renewable resource mentioned in the context of Ethiopia?

Sunlight Signup and view all the answers

What role do biologists play in conservation?

They preserve species from extinction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a natural resource of Ethiopia?

Plastic Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a non-renewable resource?

Natural gas Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to manage non-renewable resources carefully?

They can be depleted over time Signup and view all the answers

Which species represents a unique aspect of Ethiopia's biodiversity?

Ethiopian Bush crow Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to ensure the long-term sustainability of renewable resources?

Manage them appropriately Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of conservation regarding natural resources?

To protect and preserve the natural environment. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines food security?

Access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food for all people. Signup and view all the answers

What can prolonged undernourishment lead to?

Stunted growth and increased illness susceptibility. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following resources is considered renewable?

Rivers. Signup and view all the answers

What role does biology play in maintaining food security?

Producing high-nutrient staple crops. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of food insecurity?

Roots in poverty and development issues. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of resource is often managed to ensure sustainability?

Forests and fisheries. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable resource?

Natural gas. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a conscious citizen?

Someone who values human life and connects with a higher purpose. Signup and view all the answers

How does biology contribute to creating conscious citizens?

By increasing awareness of environmental conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant role of biotechnology in sustainable development?

To develop bio-based technologies that use fewer resources. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes a conscious global citizen?

An individual aware of global issues and takes responsible actions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is essential for sustainable development?

Incorporating recycling and reducing waste. Signup and view all the answers

What is one responsibility of a conscious citizen biologist?

To create innovative solutions that benefit the environment. Signup and view all the answers

How can students actively contribute to becoming conscious global citizens?

By engaging in group discussions about global issues. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate aim of a conscious citizen's actions?

To enhance life and living on the planet. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three dimensions of sustainability represented in a model?

Social, economic, environmental Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benefit of social equity in sustainable development?

Public participation and respect for socio-cultural values Signup and view all the answers

How can biotechnology help in environmental conservation?

By reducing chemical contamination from various sources Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a transgenic organism?

An organism that has received genetic material from a different species Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is NOT considered part of economic efficiency in sustainable development?

Employment opportunities Signup and view all the answers

What is a key objective of conscious global citizens in Ethiopia?

To protect and manage existing resources Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'sustainable tourism'?

Tourism that respects and enhances the local community and environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of rational use of natural resources?

To ensure resources are used sustainably for future generations Signup and view all the answers

What are the dimensions of sustainability commonly represented as?

Pillars, embedded circles, or Venn diagrams Signup and view all the answers

What is a transgenic organism?

An organism that has received genetic material from a different species Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an application of biotechnology?

Social media marketing Signup and view all the answers

What microbes are commonly used to increase food productivity?

Bacteria and fungi Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is used to produce single-cell protein (SCP)?

Methylophilus methylotrophus Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin was the first to be produced using fermentation?

Vitamin C Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a method for managing land resources?

Using pesticides without regulations Signup and view all the answers

What is Spirulina commonly marketed as?

A culture of a spiral-shaped cyanobacterium Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'food security' refer to?

Access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food Signup and view all the answers

Fermented milk products have been made for how long?

For centuries in various countries Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of biological science?

To study all living beings and their functions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a practical application of biology?

Hand washing to control infectious diseases Signup and view all the answers

What does the study of extinction rates help improve?

Conservation efforts Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin was first produced using a fermentation process?

Vitamin C Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following topics can be explored through biology?

Genetic engineering Signup and view all the answers

Which microorganism is primarily used to make yogurt?

Lactobacillus bulgaricus Signup and view all the answers

What type of milk is created by adding Lactobacillus acidophilus to sterile milk?

Acidophilus milk Signup and view all the answers

How do biologists classify natural resources?

As renewable and non-renewable Signup and view all the answers

What role does conservation play according to biological principles?

Protecting and preserving natural environments Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria are involved in the fermentation of meats like salami?

Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus cerevisiae Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary fermenter used in the production of all alcoholic beverages?

Saccharomyces Signup and view all the answers

What is a well-known benefit of regular hand washing?

Controlling the spread of infectious diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a focus area in biology?

Creating architectural designs Signup and view all the answers

What process is used to kill wild yeasts present in juice before fermentation?

Sulfur dioxide treatment Signup and view all the answers

What improves the yield of vitamin B2 in its production?

Utilizing microbes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main product of fermentation to produce beer and wine?

Ethanol Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is used in cultured buttermilk production?

Streptococcus cremoris Signup and view all the answers

What process is involved in converting malted barley into beer?

Milling and mashing Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that influences food availability?

Weather patterns Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of biology in food security?

Developing high-nutrient staple crops Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a situation where individuals lack access to safe and nutritious food?

Food insecurity Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by excessive body weight relative to height and age?

Over nutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is nutritional security?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'food security'?

Sufficient food accessible to all Signup and view all the answers

What can biotechnologists design to help improve food security?

Manufacturing processes and machinery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes 'stunting' in nutrition?

Too short for age Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Conservation of Natural Resources

Understanding of ecosystems includes diverse animals, plants, and birds.
Conservation aims to protect and preserve natural resources to ensure sustainability.
Natural resources are classified as renewable (replaceable) and non-renewable (finite).
Renewable resources include sunlight, wind, water, geothermal energy, biomass, crops, trees, and livestock.
Non-renewable resources include metals like gold and iron and fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal.

Importance of Resource Management

Over-extraction of non-renewable resources can cause climate change and environmental degradation.
Sustainable management practices, like coppicing, ensure forests are replenished and thrive over time.
Conservation biology focuses on preventing extinction and preserving biodiversity through strategies like establishing zoos and seed banks.

Natural Resources in Ethiopia

Ethiopia is rich in natural resources: gold, platinum, potash, limestone, natural gas, coal, and plains for solar and wind energy.
Renowned renewable resources include coffee plantations and various unique animal species such as the Walia Ibex.

Food Security and Nutrition

Food security is defined as the state where everyone has access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food.
Insecurity often results from poverty, impacting growth, cognitive development, and overall health.
Nutrition security is achieved through access to food, safe water, sanitation, and health care.
School-based gardening serves as a practical strategy to improve food security and education on sustainable practices.

Role of Biotechnology in Sustainable Development

Biotechnology utilizes living organisms to develop products that benefit humans, including genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
Crop yields can be enhanced through genetic modifications, improving food productivity and mitigating pollution.
Applications of biotechnology include producing vitamins, single-cell protein, and leveraging microorganisms for food and nutrient production.

Conscious Citizenship and Global Citizenship

A conscious citizen values human life and environmental stewardship, responsible for ethical decision-making for a better planet.
Biology educates individuals on social, global, and environmental conditions, promoting sustainable practices.
Sustainable development integrates economic, social, and environmental aspects, ensuring equitable benefits for communities while preserving biodiversity.

Key Figures and Terms

Food Security: Accessibility to sufficient, safe, nutritious food.
Extinction: The state of species no longer existing.
Conservation: The act of protecting and preserving natural environments and resources.
Coppicing: A tree management practice allowing regrowth by periodically cutting back branches.

Practical Applications

Engaging in group projects to promote awareness of local natural resources and their significance can help enhance community understanding.
Exploring the relationship between biology and technologies can lead to innovation in food production, sustainability, and environmental protection.### Vitamin Production
Vitamin B12 production involves fermentation by propionic bacteria.
Vitamin B2 is present in cereals, vegetables, and yeast; microbial processes can enhance yields by 100-300 times.

Dairy Products

Microorganisms play a crucial role in producing various dairy items.
Cultured buttermilk is created using Streptococcus cremoris added to pasteurized skim milk, allowing fermentation for desired consistency, flavor, and acidity.
Other bacterial strains involved in buttermilk production include:
- Streptococcus lactis
- Streptococcus diacetylactis
- Leuconostoc citrovorum
- Lactococcus cremoris
- Lactobacillus dextranicum
Sour cream is produced by adding these organisms to cream.
Yogurt is made by introducing Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus to milk, resulting in altered texture and flavor.
Fermented milk has a long history, especially in Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe, varying in acidity and alcohol content.
Acidophilus milk is made using Lactobacillus acidophilus in sterile milk to prevent uncontrolled fermentation.
Bulgarian milk, also produced with L.bulgaricus, is more acidic than buttermilk and lacks Leuconostoc flavor.

Fermented Meats

Microbes such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus cerevisiae enhance flavor in fermented meats like salami and summer sausage.
Heterolactic acid fermentation aids in meat preservation while adding a tangy flavor.
Fungi, primarily Penicillium and Aspergillus, contribute to the unique flavors of country hams.

Production of Beer, Wine, and Spirits

Beer and wine are produced through the fermentation of sugary juices; spirits like whiskey and gin involve fermentation followed by distillation.
Distillation separates alcohol and volatile substances from solids.
Saccharomyces yeast strains are essential for fermenting all types of alcoholic beverages, with distinct strains offering unique characteristics.
Brewing secrets about yeast strains and processes are closely guarded.
Beer production begins with malting cereal grains (commonly barley) to increase starch-digesting enzyme concentration for sugar fermentation.
Malted grains are crushed and mixed with hot water (~65°C) for extraction.
Juice is treated with sulfur dioxide to eliminate wild yeasts before adding sugar and Saccharomyces for fermentation.
Ethyl alcohol is the primary product, but other compounds influence beer and wine flavor.
Characteristics of the juice and yeast strain impact the flavor profile of the finished beverage.
Post-fermentation, wine is siphoned to remove yeast sediment and clarified using agents like charcoal before bottling.

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Description

Assess your understanding of global citizenship and sustainable development as outlined in the new Grade 12 curriculum. This quiz encourages students to reflect on their roles as conscientious global citizens and the importance of sustainability in society. Engage in discussion and report preparation to deepen your insights.