Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a key characteristic of renewable resources?
What is a key characteristic of renewable resources?
- They deplete at a faster rate than they are replaced.
- They are always abundant and easy to obtain.
- They can be used, reused, and replaced if managed carefully. (correct)
- They include only fossil fuels and metals.
Which of the following is considered a non-renewable resource?
Which of the following is considered a non-renewable resource?
- Coal (correct)
- Solar energy
- Wind
- Trees
What practice is suggested to conserve trees?
What practice is suggested to conserve trees?
- Planting trees only once every decade.
- Only allowing trees to grow without any cutting.
- Coppicing and a continual cycle of planting trees. (correct)
- Clear-cutting all trees at once.
What is a negative impact of mining non-renewable resources?
What is a negative impact of mining non-renewable resources?
Which energy source is considered renewable?
Which energy source is considered renewable?
How are species conserved according to the content?
How are species conserved according to the content?
Which resource is classified as finite and not renewable?
Which resource is classified as finite and not renewable?
What can happen to renewable resources if not managed properly?
What can happen to renewable resources if not managed properly?
What are natural resources defined as?
What are natural resources defined as?
Which of the following best describes renewable resources?
Which of the following best describes renewable resources?
Which statement is true about non-renewable resources?
Which statement is true about non-renewable resources?
What is the role of conservation in the environment?
What is the role of conservation in the environment?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a natural resource?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a natural resource?
What does conservation biology focus on?
What does conservation biology focus on?
Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource?
Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource?
Why is sustainable management of natural resources important?
Why is sustainable management of natural resources important?
What is a recommended method for conserving trees?
What is a recommended method for conserving trees?
What is an example of a renewable resource mentioned in the context of Ethiopia?
What is an example of a renewable resource mentioned in the context of Ethiopia?
What role do biologists play in conservation?
What role do biologists play in conservation?
Which of the following is NOT a natural resource of Ethiopia?
Which of the following is NOT a natural resource of Ethiopia?
What is an example of a non-renewable resource?
What is an example of a non-renewable resource?
Why is it important to manage non-renewable resources carefully?
Why is it important to manage non-renewable resources carefully?
Which species represents a unique aspect of Ethiopia's biodiversity?
Which species represents a unique aspect of Ethiopia's biodiversity?
What should be done to ensure the long-term sustainability of renewable resources?
What should be done to ensure the long-term sustainability of renewable resources?
What is the main purpose of conservation regarding natural resources?
What is the main purpose of conservation regarding natural resources?
Which of the following best defines food security?
Which of the following best defines food security?
What can prolonged undernourishment lead to?
What can prolonged undernourishment lead to?
Which of the following resources is considered renewable?
Which of the following resources is considered renewable?
What role does biology play in maintaining food security?
What role does biology play in maintaining food security?
What is a significant consequence of food insecurity?
What is a significant consequence of food insecurity?
Which type of resource is often managed to ensure sustainability?
Which type of resource is often managed to ensure sustainability?
Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable resource?
Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable resource?
What defines a conscious citizen?
What defines a conscious citizen?
How does biology contribute to creating conscious citizens?
How does biology contribute to creating conscious citizens?
What is a significant role of biotechnology in sustainable development?
What is a significant role of biotechnology in sustainable development?
Which statement best describes a conscious global citizen?
Which statement best describes a conscious global citizen?
Which of the following is essential for sustainable development?
Which of the following is essential for sustainable development?
What is one responsibility of a conscious citizen biologist?
What is one responsibility of a conscious citizen biologist?
How can students actively contribute to becoming conscious global citizens?
How can students actively contribute to becoming conscious global citizens?
What is the ultimate aim of a conscious citizen's actions?
What is the ultimate aim of a conscious citizen's actions?
What are the three dimensions of sustainability represented in a model?
What are the three dimensions of sustainability represented in a model?
Which of the following is a benefit of social equity in sustainable development?
Which of the following is a benefit of social equity in sustainable development?
How can biotechnology help in environmental conservation?
How can biotechnology help in environmental conservation?
What characterizes a transgenic organism?
What characterizes a transgenic organism?
Which concept is NOT considered part of economic efficiency in sustainable development?
Which concept is NOT considered part of economic efficiency in sustainable development?
What is a key objective of conscious global citizens in Ethiopia?
What is a key objective of conscious global citizens in Ethiopia?
Which of the following best describes 'sustainable tourism'?
Which of the following best describes 'sustainable tourism'?
What is the purpose of rational use of natural resources?
What is the purpose of rational use of natural resources?
What are the dimensions of sustainability commonly represented as?
What are the dimensions of sustainability commonly represented as?
What is a transgenic organism?
What is a transgenic organism?
Which of the following is NOT an application of biotechnology?
Which of the following is NOT an application of biotechnology?
What microbes are commonly used to increase food productivity?
What microbes are commonly used to increase food productivity?
Which organism is used to produce single-cell protein (SCP)?
Which organism is used to produce single-cell protein (SCP)?
Which vitamin was the first to be produced using fermentation?
Which vitamin was the first to be produced using fermentation?
What is NOT a method for managing land resources?
What is NOT a method for managing land resources?
What is Spirulina commonly marketed as?
What is Spirulina commonly marketed as?
What does the term 'food security' refer to?
What does the term 'food security' refer to?
Fermented milk products have been made for how long?
Fermented milk products have been made for how long?
What is the primary focus of biological science?
What is the primary focus of biological science?
Which of the following is an example of a practical application of biology?
Which of the following is an example of a practical application of biology?
What does the study of extinction rates help improve?
What does the study of extinction rates help improve?
Which vitamin was first produced using a fermentation process?
Which vitamin was first produced using a fermentation process?
Which of the following topics can be explored through biology?
Which of the following topics can be explored through biology?
Which microorganism is primarily used to make yogurt?
Which microorganism is primarily used to make yogurt?
What type of milk is created by adding Lactobacillus acidophilus to sterile milk?
What type of milk is created by adding Lactobacillus acidophilus to sterile milk?
How do biologists classify natural resources?
How do biologists classify natural resources?
What role does conservation play according to biological principles?
What role does conservation play according to biological principles?
Which bacteria are involved in the fermentation of meats like salami?
Which bacteria are involved in the fermentation of meats like salami?
What is the primary fermenter used in the production of all alcoholic beverages?
What is the primary fermenter used in the production of all alcoholic beverages?
What is a well-known benefit of regular hand washing?
What is a well-known benefit of regular hand washing?
Which of the following is NOT a focus area in biology?
Which of the following is NOT a focus area in biology?
What process is used to kill wild yeasts present in juice before fermentation?
What process is used to kill wild yeasts present in juice before fermentation?
What improves the yield of vitamin B2 in its production?
What improves the yield of vitamin B2 in its production?
What is the main product of fermentation to produce beer and wine?
What is the main product of fermentation to produce beer and wine?
Which organism is used in cultured buttermilk production?
Which organism is used in cultured buttermilk production?
What process is involved in converting malted barley into beer?
What process is involved in converting malted barley into beer?
What is a key factor that influences food availability?
What is a key factor that influences food availability?
What is the primary role of biology in food security?
What is the primary role of biology in food security?
Which term describes a situation where individuals lack access to safe and nutritious food?
Which term describes a situation where individuals lack access to safe and nutritious food?
What condition is characterized by excessive body weight relative to height and age?
What condition is characterized by excessive body weight relative to height and age?
What is nutritional security?
What is nutritional security?
Which of the following best describes 'food security'?
Which of the following best describes 'food security'?
What can biotechnologists design to help improve food security?
What can biotechnologists design to help improve food security?
Which of the following describes 'stunting' in nutrition?
Which of the following describes 'stunting' in nutrition?
Study Notes
Conservation of Natural Resources
- Understanding of ecosystems includes diverse animals, plants, and birds.
- Conservation aims to protect and preserve natural resources to ensure sustainability.
- Natural resources are classified as renewable (replaceable) and non-renewable (finite).
- Renewable resources include sunlight, wind, water, geothermal energy, biomass, crops, trees, and livestock.
- Non-renewable resources include metals like gold and iron and fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal.
Importance of Resource Management
- Over-extraction of non-renewable resources can cause climate change and environmental degradation.
- Sustainable management practices, like coppicing, ensure forests are replenished and thrive over time.
- Conservation biology focuses on preventing extinction and preserving biodiversity through strategies like establishing zoos and seed banks.
Natural Resources in Ethiopia
- Ethiopia is rich in natural resources: gold, platinum, potash, limestone, natural gas, coal, and plains for solar and wind energy.
- Renowned renewable resources include coffee plantations and various unique animal species such as the Walia Ibex.
Food Security and Nutrition
- Food security is defined as the state where everyone has access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food.
- Insecurity often results from poverty, impacting growth, cognitive development, and overall health.
- Nutrition security is achieved through access to food, safe water, sanitation, and health care.
- School-based gardening serves as a practical strategy to improve food security and education on sustainable practices.
Role of Biotechnology in Sustainable Development
- Biotechnology utilizes living organisms to develop products that benefit humans, including genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
- Crop yields can be enhanced through genetic modifications, improving food productivity and mitigating pollution.
- Applications of biotechnology include producing vitamins, single-cell protein, and leveraging microorganisms for food and nutrient production.
Conscious Citizenship and Global Citizenship
- A conscious citizen values human life and environmental stewardship, responsible for ethical decision-making for a better planet.
- Biology educates individuals on social, global, and environmental conditions, promoting sustainable practices.
- Sustainable development integrates economic, social, and environmental aspects, ensuring equitable benefits for communities while preserving biodiversity.
Key Figures and Terms
- Food Security: Accessibility to sufficient, safe, nutritious food.
- Extinction: The state of species no longer existing.
- Conservation: The act of protecting and preserving natural environments and resources.
- Coppicing: A tree management practice allowing regrowth by periodically cutting back branches.
Practical Applications
- Engaging in group projects to promote awareness of local natural resources and their significance can help enhance community understanding.
- Exploring the relationship between biology and technologies can lead to innovation in food production, sustainability, and environmental protection.### Vitamin Production
- Vitamin B12 production involves fermentation by propionic bacteria.
- Vitamin B2 is present in cereals, vegetables, and yeast; microbial processes can enhance yields by 100-300 times.
Dairy Products
- Microorganisms play a crucial role in producing various dairy items.
- Cultured buttermilk is created using Streptococcus cremoris added to pasteurized skim milk, allowing fermentation for desired consistency, flavor, and acidity.
- Other bacterial strains involved in buttermilk production include:
- Streptococcus lactis
- Streptococcus diacetylactis
- Leuconostoc citrovorum
- Lactococcus cremoris
- Lactobacillus dextranicum
- Sour cream is produced by adding these organisms to cream.
- Yogurt is made by introducing Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus to milk, resulting in altered texture and flavor.
- Fermented milk has a long history, especially in Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe, varying in acidity and alcohol content.
- Acidophilus milk is made using Lactobacillus acidophilus in sterile milk to prevent uncontrolled fermentation.
- Bulgarian milk, also produced with L.bulgaricus, is more acidic than buttermilk and lacks Leuconostoc flavor.
Fermented Meats
- Microbes such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus cerevisiae enhance flavor in fermented meats like salami and summer sausage.
- Heterolactic acid fermentation aids in meat preservation while adding a tangy flavor.
- Fungi, primarily Penicillium and Aspergillus, contribute to the unique flavors of country hams.
Production of Beer, Wine, and Spirits
- Beer and wine are produced through the fermentation of sugary juices; spirits like whiskey and gin involve fermentation followed by distillation.
- Distillation separates alcohol and volatile substances from solids.
- Saccharomyces yeast strains are essential for fermenting all types of alcoholic beverages, with distinct strains offering unique characteristics.
- Brewing secrets about yeast strains and processes are closely guarded.
- Beer production begins with malting cereal grains (commonly barley) to increase starch-digesting enzyme concentration for sugar fermentation.
- Malted grains are crushed and mixed with hot water (~65°C) for extraction.
- Juice is treated with sulfur dioxide to eliminate wild yeasts before adding sugar and Saccharomyces for fermentation.
- Ethyl alcohol is the primary product, but other compounds influence beer and wine flavor.
- Characteristics of the juice and yeast strain impact the flavor profile of the finished beverage.
- Post-fermentation, wine is siphoned to remove yeast sediment and clarified using agents like charcoal before bottling.
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Description
Assess your understanding of global citizenship and sustainable development as outlined in the new Grade 12 curriculum. This quiz encourages students to reflect on their roles as conscientious global citizens and the importance of sustainability in society. Engage in discussion and report preparation to deepen your insights.
