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Questions and Answers
What is reproduction?
What is reproduction?
- The fusion of two nuclei to form a zygote.
- The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma.
- The process by which new individuals of a species are produced and genetic material is passed from generation to generation. (correct)
- The process of producing genetically identical offspring.
Which of the following are methods of asexual reproduction?
Which of the following are methods of asexual reproduction?
- Cross-pollination
- Budding (correct)
- Parthenogenesis (correct)
- Fertilization
Define self-pollination.
Define self-pollination.
Self-pollination occurs when pollen grains are transfered to the stigma of the same flower or a different flower on the same plant.
Match the following parts of a flower with their descriptions:
Match the following parts of a flower with their descriptions:
What is the function of the labia minora?
What is the function of the labia minora?
Where does conception typically occur in the female reproductive system?
Where does conception typically occur in the female reproductive system?
Which phase of the menstrual cycle occurs on day 14?
Which phase of the menstrual cycle occurs on day 14?
During pregnancy, the fertilized egg implants into the lining of the ____ wall.
During pregnancy, the fertilized egg implants into the lining of the ____ wall.
Match the contraception method with its type:
Match the contraception method with its type:
Flashcards
Reproduction
Reproduction
The process by which new individuals of a species are produced from existing organisms.
Asexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
A type of reproduction where one parent produces offspring genetically identical to itself.
Sexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
A type of reproduction that involves the fusion of two nuclei (sperm and egg) resulting in genetically diverse offspring.
Fragmentation
Fragmentation
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Pollination
Pollination
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Self-Pollination
Self-Pollination
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Cross-Pollination
Cross-Pollination
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Gametogenesis
Gametogenesis
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Fertilization
Fertilization
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Study Notes
Reproduction
- Reproduction is the process by which new individuals of a species are produced and genetic material is passed from generation to generation.
Types of Reproduction
- Asexual Reproduction: Produces genetically identical offspring from one parent.
- Binary Fission (Splitting): Separation of the body into two new bodies, each receiving one copy of DNA.
- Budding: New individual develops from some generative anatomical point of the parent organism.
- Fragmentation: Parent organism breaks into fragments or pieces, each developing into a new individual.
- Sporulation: Unicellular spores detach from parent and develop into new individuals.
- Cloning: Mitotic division resulting in a development of a clone with exact genetic makeup.
- Parthenogenesis: Natural form of asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization by sperm.
- Sexual Reproduction: Involves fusion of two nuclei to form a zygote and production of genetically dissimilar offspring.
Vegetative Reproduction
- Natural Vegetative Reproduction: Plant organs other than seed and spore serve as means of maintaining species.
- Examples: Bulbs, cloves, corms, tubers, and rhizomes.
- Artificial Vegetative Reproduction: Methods used to produce new plants.
- Examples: Grafting, Cutting, and Layering or Runner.
Process of Reproduction in Flowering Plants
- Typical flower consists of:
- Pedicel/Stalk: Holds and supports the flower.
- Receptacle: Swollen end of pedicel where other structures are attached.
- Sepals: Small, green, leaf-like structures forming the calyx.
- Petals: Brightly colored to attract insects for pollination.
- Stamen: Male reproductive part consisting of an anther and filament.
- Carpel or Pistil: Female reproductive part consisting of ovary, style, and stigma.
- Pollination: Transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma.
- Self-Pollination: Pollen grains transferred to the stigma of the same flower or a different flower on the same plant.
- Cross-Pollination: Pollen grains transferred to the stigma of different plants.
Process of Reproduction in Animals
- Stages of Animal Development:
- Gametogenesis: Production of sperm and eggs through meiosis.
- Fertilization: Formation of a diploid zygote from a haploid egg and sperm.
- Cleavage: Period of rapid cell division without growth.
- Gastrulation: Formation of three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
- Organogenesis: Development of rudimentary organs from germ layers.
- Differentiation and Growth: Development of tissues and organs.
Human Reproductive System
- Male Reproductive System:
- Testicles (testes): Produce testosterone and sperm.
- Epididymis: Transports and stores sperm cells.
- Vas Deferens: Muscular tube transporting mature sperm to the urethra.
- Ejaculatory Ducts: Formed by fusion of vas deferens and seminal vesicles.
- Seminal Vesicles: Produce sugar-rich fluid providing energy for sperm.
- Prostate Gland: Contributes fluid to ejaculate.
- Urethra: Carries urine from bladder to outside.
- Scrotum: Protects testicles and regulates temperature.
- Female Reproductive System:
- Ovaries: Produce eggs and hormones.
- Fallopian Tubes: Narrow tubes connecting ovaries to uterus.
- Uterus (Womb): Hollow, pear-shaped organ supporting fetus development.
- Cervix: Lower part of uterus connecting to vagina.
- Vagina: Canal joining cervix to outside.
- Labia Majora and Minora: External structures protecting vagina and urethra.
- Clitoris: Sensitive protrusion comparable to penis in males.
Menstrual Cycle
- Phases:
- Menstrual Phase (Days 1-5)
- Follicular Phase (Days 1-13)
- Ovulation Phase (Day 14)
- Luteal Phase (Days 15-28)
Contraception and Its Types
- Methods:
- Ovulation-suppressing methods (Oral contraceptives)
- Barrier methods (Condom, Diaphragm, Cervical cap)
- Chemical methods (Spermicidal jelly and foam)
- Surgical methods (Vasectomy and Tubal ligation)
- Implantation-suppressing methods (IUD and Morning-after pill)
- Others (Abstinence)
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Description
This quiz assesses the knowledge of Grade 11 STEM students on Module 5 of General Biology 2. Topics covered may include genetics, evolution, and ecology.
