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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of a lumbar puncture?
What is the primary purpose of a lumbar puncture?
Which treatment involves the surgical removal of a portion of the brain?
Which treatment involves the surgical removal of a portion of the brain?
What common condition is treated with Deep Brain Stimulation?
What common condition is treated with Deep Brain Stimulation?
Which procedure uses electrodes to measure the transfer of electrical signals in nerves?
Which procedure uses electrodes to measure the transfer of electrical signals in nerves?
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What is the function of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation?
What is the function of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation?
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What condition is characterized by rapidly worsening muscle weakness and may lead to temporary paralysis?
What condition is characterized by rapidly worsening muscle weakness and may lead to temporary paralysis?
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Which of the following conditions involves inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve leading to severe pain?
Which of the following conditions involves inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve leading to severe pain?
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Which diagnostic procedure uses ultrasound to visualize the structure of the carotid artery?
Which diagnostic procedure uses ultrasound to visualize the structure of the carotid artery?
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What is the main symptom of Restless Legs Syndrome?
What is the main symptom of Restless Legs Syndrome?
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Which condition is a viral infection that can lead to paralysis and affects the brainstem and spinal cord?
Which condition is a viral infection that can lead to paralysis and affects the brainstem and spinal cord?
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What type of stroke is characterized by the blockage of blood flow due to narrowing of the carotid artery?
What type of stroke is characterized by the blockage of blood flow due to narrowing of the carotid artery?
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Which condition is primarily characterized by demyelination of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?
Which condition is primarily characterized by demyelination of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?
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Which diagnostic tool is used to record the electrical activity of the brain?
Which diagnostic tool is used to record the electrical activity of the brain?
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What is the primary focus of neurology?
What is the primary focus of neurology?
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What characterizes Meningitis?
What characterizes Meningitis?
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Which condition is described as a congenital herniation of the brain tissue?
Which condition is described as a congenital herniation of the brain tissue?
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How does Parkinson's Disease primarily manifest?
How does Parkinson's Disease primarily manifest?
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Which of the following is a rapidly progressive neurological disease?
Which of the following is a rapidly progressive neurological disease?
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What is a common treatment consequence of Hydrocephalus?
What is a common treatment consequence of Hydrocephalus?
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What severe symptom is associated with Reye’s Syndrome in children?
What severe symptom is associated with Reye’s Syndrome in children?
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Which disorder involves temporary paralysis of the face?
Which disorder involves temporary paralysis of the face?
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Study Notes
Neurology Overview
- Neurology studies diseases affecting the nervous system, alongside diagnostic and treatment methods.
- Neuroscience focuses on nervous system functions, while neurology specializes in diseases.
Diseases & Disorders
- Meningitis: Inflammation of brain and spinal cord meninges, causing severe headaches and flu-like symptoms.
- Meningioma: Slow-growing, usually benign tumor of the meninges.
- Hydrocephalus: Accumulation of excess cerebrospinal fluid in brain ventricles.
- Meningocele: Congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal cord.
- Encephalocele: Congenital herniation of brain tissue through a skull gap.
- Tourette Syndrome: Complex disorder with involuntary tics and compulsive vocalizations.
- Tetanus: Infection caused by a toxin from bacteria, acquired through deep puncture wounds, leading to lockjaw.
- Reye’s Syndrome: Serious condition in children, marked by vomiting and confusion.
- Encephalitis: Brain inflammation, often resulting from viral infections like rabies.
- Dementia: Progressive decline in cognitive abilities; senile dementia occurs typically in older adults.
- Parkinson’s Disease: Chronic disorder characterized by muscle tremors, rigidity, and slow movement due to dopamine deficiency.
- ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease): Rapidly progressive disease affecting voluntary muscle control.
- Cranial Hematoma: Blood collection in the brain's tissues.
- Brain Tumor: Abnormal skull growth, with malignant tumors destroying tissue and benign ones being non-invasive.
- Bell’s Palsy: Temporary paralysis of the facial nerve, affecting facial muscles and eye closure.
- Guillain Barre Syndrome: Autoimmune condition with rapid muscle weakness and potential paralysis.
- Neuritis: Inflammation of a nerve.
- Trigeminal Neuralgia: Severe pain from inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve, affecting one side of the face.
- Multiple Sclerosis: Autoimmune disorder leading to demyelination, causing brain and spinal cord scarring.
- Ischemic Stroke: Blockage of blood flow to the brain due to carotid artery narrowing or blockage.
- Cerebral Palsy: Condition causing poor muscle control and neurological deficiencies, affecting the cerebrum.
- Epilepsy: Condition characterized by unpredictable seizures.
- Peripheral Neuropathy: Disorder causing loss of sensation and muscle control in limbs.
- Restless Legs Syndrome: Urge to move legs due to uncomfortable sensations.
- Myelitis: Spinal cord inflammation.
- Myelosis: Tumor of the spinal cord.
- Poliomyelitis (Polio): Contagious viral infection of brainstem/spinal cord, potentially leading to paralysis.
Diagnostic Procedures
- MRI and CT: Neuroimaging tools for examining soft tissue structures.
- Carotid Ultrasonography: Ultrasound of the carotid artery to assess stroke risk.
- Echoencephalography: Ultrasound imaging for detailed brain diagnostics.
- Electroencephalography: Recording of electrical brain activity with electrode attachment.
- Myelography: Spinal cord study post-contrast medium injection via lumbar puncture.
- Electromyography: Measures electrical signals in peripheral nerves using skin-attached electrodes.
- Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap): Sampling of cerebrospinal fluid from the lumbar region.
Treatments
- Hypnotic Medications: Depress central nervous system to induce sleep.
- Deep Brain Stimulation: Treatment for movement disorders (e.g., Parkinson's) using mild electrical signals.
- Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Electric current passed through the brain as treatment.
- Lobectomy: Surgical removal of brain tissue for cancer or uncontrolled seizures.
- Thalamotomy: Surgical incision in the thalamus for treating Parkinson’s symptoms.
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Uses electromagnetic pulses to alter brain electrical pathways.
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Description
This study guide focuses on Grade 11 HOSA neurology, covering various diseases and disorders of the nervous system. Learn the key differentiations between neurology and neuroscience while exploring topics like meningitis and its implications. Prepare effectively for your examinations with this comprehensive overview.
