Grade 11 Neurology Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a lumbar puncture?

To provide deep brain stimulation

To withdraw cerebrospinal fluid for analysis (correct)

To measure electrical signals in peripheral nerves

To inject a contrast medium for imaging the spinal cord

Which treatment involves the surgical removal of a portion of the brain?

Lobectomy (correct)

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Electroconvulsive therapy

Deep Brain Stimulation

What common condition is treated with Deep Brain Stimulation?

Parkinson's Disease (correct)

Anxiety disorders

Epilepsy

Chronic pain

Which procedure uses electrodes to measure the transfer of electrical signals in nerves?

Electromyography Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation?

To alter electrical pathways in the brain Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by rapidly worsening muscle weakness and may lead to temporary paralysis?

Guillain Barre Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions involves inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve leading to severe pain?

Trigeminal Neuralgia Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic procedure uses ultrasound to visualize the structure of the carotid artery?

Carotid Ultrasonography Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom of Restless Legs Syndrome?

Uncomfortable sensations in the legs Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a viral infection that can lead to paralysis and affects the brainstem and spinal cord?

Poliomyelitis Signup and view all the answers

What type of stroke is characterized by the blockage of blood flow due to narrowing of the carotid artery?

Ischemic Stroke Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is primarily characterized by demyelination of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Multiple Sclerosis Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic tool is used to record the electrical activity of the brain?

Electroencephalography Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of neurology?

The diseases affecting the nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Meningitis?

Inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is described as a congenital herniation of the brain tissue?

Encephalocele Signup and view all the answers

How does Parkinson's Disease primarily manifest?

Fine muscle tremors and rigidity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a rapidly progressive neurological disease?

ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment consequence of Hydrocephalus?

Need for surgical intervention to drain excess fluid Signup and view all the answers

What severe symptom is associated with Reye’s Syndrome in children?

Vomiting and confusion Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder involves temporary paralysis of the face?

Bell's Palsy Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Neurology Overview

Neurology studies diseases affecting the nervous system, alongside diagnostic and treatment methods.
Neuroscience focuses on nervous system functions, while neurology specializes in diseases.

Diseases & Disorders

Meningitis: Inflammation of brain and spinal cord meninges, causing severe headaches and flu-like symptoms.
Meningioma: Slow-growing, usually benign tumor of the meninges.
Hydrocephalus: Accumulation of excess cerebrospinal fluid in brain ventricles.
Meningocele: Congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal cord.
Encephalocele: Congenital herniation of brain tissue through a skull gap.
Tourette Syndrome: Complex disorder with involuntary tics and compulsive vocalizations.
Tetanus: Infection caused by a toxin from bacteria, acquired through deep puncture wounds, leading to lockjaw.
Reye’s Syndrome: Serious condition in children, marked by vomiting and confusion.
Encephalitis: Brain inflammation, often resulting from viral infections like rabies.
Dementia: Progressive decline in cognitive abilities; senile dementia occurs typically in older adults.
Parkinson’s Disease: Chronic disorder characterized by muscle tremors, rigidity, and slow movement due to dopamine deficiency.
ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease): Rapidly progressive disease affecting voluntary muscle control.
Cranial Hematoma: Blood collection in the brain's tissues.
Brain Tumor: Abnormal skull growth, with malignant tumors destroying tissue and benign ones being non-invasive.
Bell’s Palsy: Temporary paralysis of the facial nerve, affecting facial muscles and eye closure.
Guillain Barre Syndrome: Autoimmune condition with rapid muscle weakness and potential paralysis.
Neuritis: Inflammation of a nerve.
Trigeminal Neuralgia: Severe pain from inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve, affecting one side of the face.
Multiple Sclerosis: Autoimmune disorder leading to demyelination, causing brain and spinal cord scarring.
Ischemic Stroke: Blockage of blood flow to the brain due to carotid artery narrowing or blockage.
Cerebral Palsy: Condition causing poor muscle control and neurological deficiencies, affecting the cerebrum.
Epilepsy: Condition characterized by unpredictable seizures.
Peripheral Neuropathy: Disorder causing loss of sensation and muscle control in limbs.
Restless Legs Syndrome: Urge to move legs due to uncomfortable sensations.
Myelitis: Spinal cord inflammation.
Myelosis: Tumor of the spinal cord.
Poliomyelitis (Polio): Contagious viral infection of brainstem/spinal cord, potentially leading to paralysis.

Diagnostic Procedures

MRI and CT: Neuroimaging tools for examining soft tissue structures.
Carotid Ultrasonography: Ultrasound of the carotid artery to assess stroke risk.
Echoencephalography: Ultrasound imaging for detailed brain diagnostics.
Electroencephalography: Recording of electrical brain activity with electrode attachment.
Myelography: Spinal cord study post-contrast medium injection via lumbar puncture.
Electromyography: Measures electrical signals in peripheral nerves using skin-attached electrodes.
Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap): Sampling of cerebrospinal fluid from the lumbar region.

Treatments

Hypnotic Medications: Depress central nervous system to induce sleep.
Deep Brain Stimulation: Treatment for movement disorders (e.g., Parkinson's) using mild electrical signals.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Electric current passed through the brain as treatment.
Lobectomy: Surgical removal of brain tissue for cancer or uncontrolled seizures.
Thalamotomy: Surgical incision in the thalamus for treating Parkinson’s symptoms.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Uses electromagnetic pulses to alter brain electrical pathways.

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Description

This study guide focuses on Grade 11 HOSA neurology, covering various diseases and disorders of the nervous system. Learn the key differentiations between neurology and neuroscience while exploring topics like meningitis and its implications. Prepare effectively for your examinations with this comprehensive overview.