Grade 10 Biology: Respiration

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Questions and Answers

What is respiration primarily responsible for in living organisms?

  • The production of energy from food
  • The exchange of gases with the environment (correct)
  • The filtering of air before it enters the lungs
  • The movement of nutrients through the body

During inhalation, which structure does air pass through immediately after the nasal cavity?

  • Pharynx (correct)
  • Bronchi
  • Trachea
  • Alveolar sacs

What percentage of oxygen is found in inhaled air?

  • 17 mL
  • 21 mL (correct)
  • 78 mL
  • 4 mL

Which part of the respiratory system is primarily involved in gas exchange?

<p>Alveolar sacs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to carbon dioxide during the process of respiration?

<p>It diffuses from the blood to the alveolar air. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In exhaled air, what is the difference in carbon dioxide content relative to inhaled air?

<p>There is more carbon dioxide in exhaled air. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is the last to be passed through by inhaled air before reaching the lungs?

<p>Trachea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily drives the process of gas exchange in the lungs?

<p>Diffusion of gases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Respiration

The process of exchanging gases between an organism and its environment, ensuring oxygen supply and carbon dioxide removal.

Human pulmonary respiration

The process of breathing in humans, involving the lungs and respiratory system.

What is the pathway of inhaled air?

Inhaled air travels through the nasal cavities/mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and finally reaches the alveoli.

What is the pathway of exhaled air?

Exhaled air travels from the alveoli, to the bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx, and finally exits through the mouth/nasal cavities.

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Gas exchange

The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood.

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What is the reason for differences in inhaled and exhaled air composition?

The difference is due to gas exchange; oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the alveoli.

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Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

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What is the role of the diaphragm in respiration?

The diaphragm contracts and relaxes, creating pressure changes that allow air to enter and exit the lungs.

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Study Notes

Grade 10 Biology: Respiration

  • Respiration in Living Things: A biological process involving the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between an organism and its environment. This process is crucial for energy production.
  • Human Pulmonary Respiration: The specific process of respiration in humans, involving the lungs.
  • Breathing: The process of gas exchange in organisms, including humans. It involves taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. Breathing ensures the supply of oxygen and the elimination of carbon dioxide.
  • Respiratory System: The system in the human body responsible for pulmonary (lung) respiration. The path involves:
    • Nasal Cavities/Mouth: Air enters the body.
    • Pharynx: The throat.
    • Larynx: The voice box.
    • Trachea: Carries air to the lungs.
    • Bronchi: Branches of the trachea leading to the lungs.
    • Bronchioles: Smaller branches of the bronchi.
    • Alveoli: Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
    • Lungs: The main organs of respiration.
    • Diaphragm: A muscle crucial for inhaling and exhaling.
  • Inhalation (Breathing In): The process of taking air into the lungs. The muscles of the rib cage raise, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, increasing the volume of the chest cavity, which causes air to enter the lungs.
  • Exhalation (Breathing Out): The process of releasing air from the lungs. The muscles of the rib cage lower, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, decreasing the volume of the chest cavity, which forces air out of the lungs.
  • Pathway of Inhaled Air: Air enters via nasal cavities/mouth, then passes through the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and finally into the alveoli where gas exchange takes place.
  • Pathway of Exhaled Air: Air travels from the alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx, to exit via the nasal cavities or mouth.
  • Composition of Inhaled and Exhaled Air:
    • Inhaled Air: Approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.03% carbon dioxide.
    • Exhaled Air: Approximately 78% nitrogen, significantly less than 21% oxygen, and approximately 4% carbon dioxide.
  • Gas Exchange in Alveoli: Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the blood, while carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the alveoli to be exhaled.
  • Reasons for Differences in Composition: The blood absorbs oxygen and the body generates carbon dioxide through metabolic processes.

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