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• Physical Education and Its Significance In The Promotion Of Health and Fitness Of An Individual
• Current health and Fitness Conditions are covered in this module
• The definition of terms in Physical Education are in this module
• The Importance of Physical Education Curriculum is covered

Learning Outcomes

• Identify Global and Philippine health and fitness situations that may affect an individual’s health
• Ways an individual may cope with present health and fitness conditions are defined
• The Significance of Physical Education in promoting health and fitness is explained
• Factors that may pose barriers in achieving a healthy and fit body are identified

Current Health and Fitness Conditions

• The World Health Organization (WHO) defined the COVID-19 infection as a pandemic on March 12, 2020
• To contain the spread of infection, governments enforced restrictions on outdoor activities and quarantines
• Quarantine is associated with stress and depression, leading to unhealthy diets and reduced physical activity

Global Awareness of Physical Inactivity

• Since 2018, WHO developed a global action plan to promote physical activity
• Countries requested updated guidance and a framework of effective and feasible policy actions
• The plan calls for global leadership and national coordination
• Paradigm shift supporting and valuing people being routinely active, according to ability and across life
• Progress to increase physical activity has been slow due to lack of awareness and investment
• Worldwide, 1 in 4 adults, and 3 in 4 adolescents (aged 11-17 years), do not meet WHO guidelines
• In some countries, levels of inactivity can be as high as 70% due to changing patterns of transportation, increased use of technology and urbanization
• There is a higher interest in implementing action plans in which physical activity can and should be integrated to increase individuals' immune system against COVID-19
• Walking and cycling are key means of transportation and enable regular physical on a daily basis
• Sport and recreation are not readily available due to precautions
• Physical activity is important across all ages

Physical Education in Schools and Beyond

• Quality physical education and supportive school environments can provide physical and health literacy for long-lasting healthy, active lifestyles
• Adults can be physically active and less sedentary at work
• Older adults benefit from regular physical activity to maintain physical, mental, and social health, as well as healthy aging
• Health and social care providers can help individuals become more active and prevent noncommunicable diseases and use physical activity to increase rehabilitation and recovery
• Primary and secondary health and social care providers can help individuals of all ages become more active and prevent Noncommunicable Diseases

Department of Health and WHO Cooperation

• The Philippines-WHO CCS 2017-2022 complements the DOH agenda with five unique strategic priorities to:
• Save lives by ensuring full access to immediate interventions
• Promote well-being by empowering people to lead healthy lives and enjoy responsive health services
• Protect health by better anticipating and mitigating disasters, and environmental and emerging health threats
• Optimize the health architecture and overcome its fragmentation
• Use platforms for health and support health in all settings, policies and sectors

Physical Activity Recommendations Amidst Pandemic

• It's important to be as active as possible, regardless of age or ability. WHO's Be Active campaign helps
• Short breaks from sitting with light intensity movement will ease muscles, improve blood circulation, and muscle activity
• Regular physical activity benefits body and mind, reduces high blood pressure and decreases the risk of several diseases
• Improving bone and muscle strength increases balance, flexibility, and fitness
• Activities improving balance help prevent falls and other injuries
• Regular physical activity sets routines, helps contact with family and friends, while improving mental health
• Reducing the risk of depression, cognitive decline, and delaying dementia are additional benefits

Physical Activity Recommendations by Age Group

• Infants under 1 year should be physically active several times a day, including at least 30 minutes in prone position (tummy time)
• Children under 5 years old should spend at least 180 minutes a day in physical activities at any intensity
• 3-4-year-old children should spend at least 60 minutes of this time in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity
• Children and adolescents (5-17 years) should do at least 60 minutes a day of moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity, including muscle and bone strengthening activities at least 3 days per week
• Adults should do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity throughout the week
• For additional health benefits, increase moderate-intensity physical activity to 300 minutes per week
• For musculoskeletal health, muscle-strengthening activities involving major muscle groups should be performed on 2 or more days a week
• Older adults with poor mobility should do physical activity to enhance balance and prevent falls on 3 or more days per week

Introduction to Physical Education, Fitness, and Exercise

• Physical activity, like walking, cycling, or sports, has significant health benefits like reducing the risk of diseases and helping control weight

• Conversely, inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality, causing an estimated 3.2 million deaths worldwide

• Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that require energy expenditure

• Regular and adequate levels of physical activity has significant health benefits

• "Exercise" is a subcategory of physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive, and aims to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness

• Beyond exercise, other physical activities that are done during leisure time, for transport, or as part of a person's work, provide a health benefit

Importance of Active Living

• Active living is not just an individual issue and demands a collective effort
• Quality physical education and supportive school environments can provide physical and health literacy
• Physical fitness is a state of health and well-being and the ability to perform aspects of sports, occupations, and daily activities through proper nutrition, physical exercise, and rest
• To be physically fit, one needs proper nutrition, adequate rest, good health practices, good medical and dental care, and exercise

Benefits of Regular Physical Activity and Exercise

• Improves bone and functional health
• Improves muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness
• Reduces the risk of various health conditions like hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, various types of cancer, and depression
• Reduces the risk of falls and vertebral fractures
• Fundamental to energy balance and weight control

Reasons (Barriers) for Low Participation in Physical Fitness Activities

• Confined and limited space
• Negative attitude toward exercise
• "I look silly exercising"
• "I don't like to sweat"
• "Exercise is expensive"
• Lack of knowledge regarding exercise
• "I don't know what to do specifically"
• "I'm afraid I'll hurt myself"
• "It's uncomfortable, it hurts me"
• No equipment
• Focused on basic needs for survival
• Sedentary lifestyle

The Importance of Physical Activities and Exercise

• ""Mens sana in corpore sano" is having a sound mind in a sound body, It focuses on developing physical heath in developing your intellectual capacity
• Regular physical activity of moderate intensity will improve health and prevents cardiovascular diseases to occur by 35%. Increasing participation to physical activities leads to smarter minds, improves bone, reduces the risk of hypertension, improves balance, and is fundamental to energy balance and weight control. -Regular physical activities/exercise will increase the functional capacity of the heart and lungs in supplying oxygen to the working muscles for adaptation

Body Changes During Physical Activities

• Regular physical activity can lower your risk of heart and circulatory disease by 35%
• During physical activity
• Muscles increase body temperature, making you feel warmer
• Your heart starts to beat faster, pumping more oxygenated blood to the working muscles
• Your heart is a muscle that becomes bigger and stronger when regularly pumping

Exercise Can Result in:

• Increased levels of a brain growth factor
• Stimulation of nerve growth
• Reduction of plasma noradrenaline (a vasoconstrictor that reduces blood flow to the brain)
• Increased blood flow to the cortex of the brain
• Improvements in children's concentration, attention, and reasoning ability
• Improved cognitive control